Personal care products toothpastes

Triclosan is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent with antifungal and antiviral properties, widely employed in personal care products such as soaps, shampoos, toothpastes, and cosmetics [40]. Fungal-mediated degradation studies have been mainly performed by means of enzymatic processes, although a couple of whole cell transformation reports are available. 

Glycerol is used for drugs, personal care (including toothpaste), skin, and hair care products (42%), food and beverages (18%), tobacco (13%), polyether polyols for urethanes (11%), and alkyd resins (6%). 

Phosphoric acid is used as an intermediate in the production of animal feed supplements, water treatment chemicals, metal surface treatments, etching agent, and personal care products such as toothpaste. It is used as a catalyst in the petroleum and polymer industry. Phosphoric acid is used in food as a preservative, an acidulant, and flavor enhancer it acidifies carbonated drinks such as Coca Cola and Pepsi, giving them a tangy flavor. Phosphoric acid is used as a rust remover and metal cleaner. Naval Jelly is approximately 25% phosphoric acid. Other uses for phosphoric acid include opacity control in glass production, textile dyeing, rubber latex coagulation, and dental cements. 

PVP is short for the polymer poly (vinyl pyrrolidone).1021 When PVP is left in the open air it absorbs around 15% of its weight as water from the air, such is its ability to cling to water molecules. It is also used in various personal care products like shampoos, toothpastes, and is the adhesive which has replace animal-based glues on envelopes and postage stamps. 

Applications. Sarcosinates show low irritation potential and are good foamers. Due to these properties they find applications in personal care products where synergistic effects with other surfactants may also be exploited. In combination with other anionics, sarcosinates will often detoxify the formulation and give improved foaming and skin feel. Sarcosinates are also used for their hydrotropic properties - the addition of sarcosinate to other anionics often gives a reduced Kraft point or a raised cloud point if combined with non-ionic surfactants. Lauroyl sarcosinate is used to formulate SLS-free toothpastes which are claimed to have improved taste profile. 

Silicone products have many commercial roles. At one end of the market, they are crucial ingredients in personal care products silicones are the components of shampoos and conditioners that improve the softness and silkiness of hair, and are also used in shaving foams, toothpastes, anti-perspirants, cosmetics, hair-styling gels and bath oils. At the other end of the spectrum, silicones find very dilferent applications in silicone greases, sealants, varnishes. 

Products and Uses Utilized in alcoholic beverages, gelatin products, wine, yeastraised bakery products for browning plant fertilizer and animal feeds. It is present in personal care products, deodorants, toothpastes, mouthwashes, and hair products. Used as a fermentation aid, formulation aid, antiseptic, adhesive, and flameproofer. 

Cosmetic manufacturing needs suppressing the volatilization of perfumes, room fresheners and detergents. The major benefits of CDs are stabilizing and controlling the release of the cosmetic and personal care products from the inclusion complexes. CDs can also generate an improvement upon conversion of a liquid component to a solid form. Thus, CDs are widely applied in the main fields of skin creams, toothpaste, tissues, imderarm shields, liquid and solid fabric softeners and paper towels. 

As shown in Figure 22.1, 7% of total surfactants are used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, especially in personal care products such as shampoos, bath preparations or toothpastes. Surfactants are important in their function as emulsifiers in creams and lotions. A great variety of anionic, nonionic, cationic and also amphoteric surfactants are used here. 

Personal care products are applied directly to parts of the human body such as the skin (soaps, shower gels, bath foams), the hair (shampoos, hair conditioners), and also intimate parts snch as the mouth mucous membranes (toothpastes). Many different products are available as personal care products. This chapter deals only with the most representative products on the market ... 

Triclosan (2-hydroxy-2,4,4-trichlorodiphenyl-ether) is a lipophilic compound with antimicrobial properties. It is used in numerous personal care products, including toothpastes, antibacterial soaps, deodorant soaps, cosmetic and antiseptic products, and anti-perspirants. Showering or bathing with 2% triclosan has become a recommended regimen for the decolonization of patients whose skin is carrying meticiUin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). 

Acylsarcosinates were the first commercial surfactants applied in personal care products at a meaningful concentration. The main application of acylsar-cosinate was as a foaming additive for toothpaste but it was never a leading surfactant to create mildness. 

Both MC and HPMC form surface films. They are used in food products as binders and to aid shape retention on heating in products such as reformed vegetables (potato croquettes, onion rings, etc.) and fish cakes. They are also used in personal care products such as shampoos, hair conditioners, shaving gels and toothpaste. 

Yes. SLS is an excellent foaming agent, and this is one of the reasons it s included in many personal care products, such as toothpaste and washing-up liquid. However, its ability to foam has a very little effect on the functional performance of the product. Foaming properties are actually added due to consumer demand. The amount and quality of foam produced is associated by consumers as an indicator as to whether the product is working. This myth is propagated by advertising... 

The NHP Regulations apply to a number of personal care products such as toothpaste, antiperspirants, and sunscreens. The presence of an active that is an inorganic substance in a nonprescription topical drug that also falls under the definition of a cosmetic, e.g., sodium fluoride in toothpaste would make the product an NHP regardless of natural or synthetic duplicate status of the sodium fluoride. The regulations designate certain products as natural but do not provide the rationale for doing so. 

The subject of this chapter represents one of the most diverse areas in soft matter science. Colloidal materials are systems in which small droplets or particles of one material are dispersed in a continuous phase of another material. This definition is deliberately broad as colloidal systems span an extremely wide range of materials, from solid particles suspended in aqueous solution, to droplets of moisture in the air, and foams, and can even be extended to include granular materials like sand. Colloidal science is a subject that is particularly relevant in our everyday lives because it plays an important role in the manufacture of numerous everyday substances. Many of the foods we eat can be described as colloids. Creamy foods, like mayonnaise, sauces, or ice cream, contain tiny droplets of fat dispersed in an aqueous medium food can be foams (liked whipped cream), and it can be a solid sponge (like bread or cake). Personal care products like face creams and toothpastes are colloidal systems, as are household paints and inks. Even the dilute polymer solutions discussed in Chapter 4 can be considered colloids. 

The surfactant in this case, L64, is a member of the Pluronic family (marketed by BASF) these are triblocks composed of poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO) and poly(propyleneoxide) (PPO) blocks. Some of these surfactants are popular in drug delivery, others are used in washing powders and personal care products such as toothpaste. The surfactants are soft they are mild to the skin. The amphiphilic power is modest too. The hydrophilic block PEO is only slightly less hydrophobic than the PPO block. In fact, the solubility of PEO is an unresolved mystery in itself, maybe related to the cage structure of the hydrated ethylene oxide monomer. Poly (methylene oxide) is insoluble, PEO is soluble, PPO and poly (butylene oxide) and higher are all insoluble. 

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