Peripheral mononuclear

Fleming, R.A., Milano, G., Thyss, A., et al. (1992) Correlation between dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in peripheral mononuclear cells and systemic clearance of fluorouracU in cancer patients. Cancer Res. 52, 2899-2902. 

Yehuda R, Golier J, Yang RK, Tischler L (2004a) Enhanced sensitivity to glucocorticoids in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in posttraiunatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 55 1110-1116... 

Inada, Y., K. Watanabe, M. Kamiyama, T. Kanemitsu, W. S. Clark, and M. Lange. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of traditional kampo medicine (Sho-Saiko-To SST) on peripheral mononuclear cells in patients with AIDS. Biomed Pharmacother 1990 44(1) 17-19. 

Imiquimod (Aldara) is an immunomodulator approved for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts in adults, actinic keratoses on the face and scalp, and biopsy-proven primary basal cell carcinomas on the trunk, neck, and extremities. The mechanism of its action is thought to be related to imiquimod s ability to stimulate peripheral mononuclear cells to release interferon- and to stimulate macrophages to produce interleukins-1, -6, and -8, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-k). 

In the ongoing Phase I clinical trials, the effects of NPI-0052 on proteasome activities in both packed whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells are being monitored. In approximately 80 patients treated to date with NPI-0052, a dose-dependent inhibition of the whole blood 20V proteasome activity is observed, with increasing inhibition upon multiple administrations and partial recovery between consecutive doses (Figure 12.4). Nicely paralleling the pre-clinical studies, a more pronounced recovery of 20V proteasome CT-L activity is observed between consecutive NPI-0052 administrations in the peripheral mononuclear cell population of patients compared to packed whole blood. 

The blue-green filamentous algae Spirulina platensis also inhibited HIV-1 replication in human T-cell lines, peripheral mononuclear blood cells and Langerhans cells [16]. The extract inactivated HIV-1 infectivity directly when preincubated with the virus before addition to human T-cell lines. These data indicate that aqueous Spirulina platensis extract contains antiretroviral activity that may be of potential clinical interest. Antiviral activities were also reported from the water-soluble fraction of the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia, which delayed HIV-1-induced sincytia formation on MT-4 cells [17]. 

To obtain an adequate number of peripheral mononuclear cells, use a minimum of 20 mL of whole blood. 

Peripheral mononuclear cells do not have dihydropyrimidinase, the second step in conversion of 5-FU to fluoro-P-alanine. Three peaks are not always seen, depending on the HPLC column and conditions. 

Rojas, M., Alexandrov, K., Auburtin, G., Wastiaux-Denamur, A., Mayer, L., Mahieu, B., Sebastien, R, and Bartsch, H. (1995). Anti-benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide—DNA adduct levels in peripheral mononuclear cells from coke oven workers and flie enhancing effect of smoking. Carcinogenesis 16, 1373-1376. 

T. wilfordii has been used as a traditional medicine in China for many centuries. The plant has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and spondylitis [92]. It has been reported that there is a strong relationship between the production of interleukin - 1 (IL-1) by the synovium and the degree of inflammation of the arthricular synovial membrane in rheumatoid artritis [93-95]. Regeol A (76), B (3) and C (77) [27], isolated from T. wilfordii var. regelii showed moderate to low inhibitory activity for IL-1 a and IL-lp release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human peripheral mononuclear cells compared to prednisolone as a reference compound. 

N. Kohno (2001). Induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by docetaxel in peripheral mononuclear cells and its expression in lung cancer. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 48, 42 6. 

Yagle and Costa (1996) studied the effect of disuUbton (2 mg/kg) administration for 2 weeks on proteins and mRNA levels of mAChR subtypes in brain tissue (ml and m2) and peripheral mononuclear ceils (ni3), AChE activity in the cerebral cortex was 19% of uninhibited activity after 14 days and 90% after 42 days. QNB binding was 72% of uninhibited activity after 14 days and 99% after 42 days. The ml subtype dominated in cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, whereas m2 dominated in medulla and cerebellum. In contrast, there was no difference between the effect in the different regions. Thu.s, after the treatment, ml and m2 mRNA were reduced approximately 25% in the hippocampus, whereas in the medulla m2 mRNA was reduced 19%, Subtype m3 was reduced 10% in the cortex but not in lymphocytes. After 4 weck.s, only m2 mRNA was reduced 29% in hippocampus, but this may have been caused by the pathology of some hippocampal cells. 

A case report was published on a patient who suffered nevirapine-induced hepatitis and had peripheral mononuclear cells that were activated by nevirapine (Drummond et al. 2006). In addition, a poster by Keane et al. (2007) reported patients which a history of nevirapine hypersensitivity reactions whose peripheral mononuclear cells responded to nevirapine with the production of IFN-y. This is consistent with the pharmacological interaction (p-i) hypothesis (Pichler... 

The fact that 12-hydroxylation of nevirapine is required in order to induce a rash appears to be in conflict with the observation that peripheral mononuclear blood cells from patients with a history of nevirapine-induced hypersensitivity reactions were activated by the parent drug in the absence of a metabolizing system. When the response of cells from the cervical lymph nodes of sensitized rats was studied, they also responded to nevirapine by producing IFN-y analogous to the human study, but... 

PARP activation has not yet been direcdy demonstrated in samples from arthritic patients. Nevertheless, in a human study analyzing DNA single strand breakage in peripheral mononuclear cells from arthritic patients, a significant elevation was found, when compared to normal volunteers. Studies conducted about a decade ago in humans reported increased frequency of circulating antibodies against PARP, chiefly in patients sufferit from systemic lupus... 

Gene expression in benzene-exposed workers by microarray analysis of peripheral mononuclear blood cells induction and silencing of CY-P4F3A and regulation of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in DNA double strand break repair. Chem Biol Interact 184 207-211... 

Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from heparinized blood by standard gradient centrifugation (B yum, 1968). T-enriched cell fractions were obtained by resetting PBMC with 2-aminoethylisotbiouronium bromide-treated sheep red blood cells (Madsen and Jobnsen, 1979). Cell suspensions were adjusted to a concentration of 5 x 10 cells/ml and sonicated at 23 kc/sec. 

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