Pentachlorophenol reagents

Reagents. Substituted phenols, obtained commercially, were used unless otherwise noted phenols were analyzed by GLC to ensure 99+% purity. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol were purified by sublimation and recrystallization to yield product of 99+% purity. 

Luo T, Ai Z, Zhang L (2008) Fe Fe203 core-shell nanowires as iron reagent. 4. Sono-Fenton degradation of pentachlorophenol and the mechanism analysis. J Phys Chem C 112(23) 8675-8681... 

Uses Antiseptic and disinfectant pharmaceuticals dyes indicators slimicide phenolic resins epoxy resins (bisphenol-A) nylon-6 (caprolactum) 2,4-D solvent for refining lubricating oils preparation of adipic acid, salicylic acid, phenolphthalein, pentachlorophenol, acetophenetidin, picric acid, anisole, phenoxyacetic acid, phenyl benzoate, 2-phenolsulfonic acid, 4-phenolsulfonic acid, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 4-bromophenol, 4-/ert-butylphenol, salicylaldehyde, and many other organic compounds germicidal paints laboratory reagent. 

Phenol has a wide range of uses, including in the preparation of phenolic and epoxy resins (bisphenol-A), nylon-6 (caprolactam), 2,4-D, selective solvents for refining lubricating oils, adipic acid, salicylic acid, phenolphthalein, pentachlorophenol and other derivatives in germicidal paints as a laboratory reagent and in dyes and indicators and as a slimicide, biocide and general disinfectant (Lewis, 1993). The world demand for phenol by use in 1993 was reported as (%) phenolic resins, 35 bisphenol-A, 30 caprolactam, 15 alkylphenols, 7 aniline, 5 and others, 8 (Wallace, 1996). 

Major uses of phenol include production of phenolic resins, epoxy resins, and 2,4-D (regulated in many countries) as a selective solvent for refining lubricating oils in the manufacture of adipic acid, salicylic acid, phenophthalein, pentachlorophenol, acetophenetidine, picric acid germicidal paints, and pharmaceuticals as well as use as a laboratory reagent. Special uses include dyes and indicators, and slimicides. 

SFE/derivatization of several chlorinated acid pesticides (those listed in EPA method 515.1) have been performed using conditions similar to those used for the bacterial phospholipids. The derivatized products from the SFE procedure for several representative organics are shown in Figure 6. As would be expected using the TMPA/methanol reagent, the carboxylic acids form the methyl esters (2,4-D and dicamba) while the phenols form the methyl ethers (pentachlorophenol). Esters of the carboxylic acids (e.g., the di-isopropyl amine ester of 2,4-D) also form the methyl esters. For ethers, two derivatized products resulted since the ether linkage could be cleaved on either side of the oxygen and methylated as shown by acifluorfen. 

Reagent i is prepared by chlorination of sodium pentachlorophenolate in CC14 at 0". Reagent 2 is prepared by chlorination of pentachlorophenol in the presence of AIC13. ... 

Pentachlorophenol, a widely used wood preservative, is considered to be moderately biorefractory with a biodegradation rate constant of 3 x 1012 L/ cell/hr, a log of 5.01, and a vapor pressure of 1.1 x 10-4 mmHg at 20°C. Watts et al. (1990) carried out completely mixed batch tests by treating penta-chlorophenol-contaminated soils with Fenton s reagent. Mineralization of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was studied in commercially available silica sand and two natural soils by removal of parent compound and total organic carbon with corresponding stoichiometric recovery of chloride. The soluble iron concentration decreased over the first 3 hr of treatment, and the concentration remained relatively constant thereafter. A possible mechanism for iron precipitation was proposed as follows ... 

Watts, R.J., Udell, M.D., and Rauch, P.A., Treatment of pentachlorophenol-contami-nated soils using Fenton s reagent, J. Hazardous Waste Hazardous Mater., 7, 4, 335-345, 1990. 

HCB is not used and has never been registered as a pesticide in China. As discussed above, it is used principally as an intermediate to produce pentachlorophenol (PCP) and Na-PCP in closed systems. After 1995, HCB was mainly used as an intermediate to produce Na-PCP. From 1988 to 2003, there was a cumulative output of 4840 MT of PCP (accounting for 5% of total output) and 104,323 MT of Na-PCP (accounting for 95% of total output) from the Tianjin plant. During this period, 793 MT of HCB (accounting for 1.2% of total output) was sold as raw material to produce fireworks and as reagents. 

In presence of an excess of hydrazine, denitration occurs, probably because of the reducing action of this reagent. Pentachloronitrobenzene (a well known fungicide Terraclor ) hydrolyses to form pentachlorophenol or its ethers ... 

Oturan, M.A., Oturan, N., Lahitte, C. and Trevin, S. (2001) Production of hydroxyl radicals by electrochemically assisted Fenton s reagent Application to the mineralization of an organic micropollutant, pentachlorophenol. J. Electroanal. Chem. 507,96-102. 

The use of Fenton s reagent as an oxidant has been applied to the removal of soil contamination.1617 It has been shown that pentachlorophenol and tri-fluoralin are extensively degraded18 while hexadecane and dieldrin are only partially transformed in a soil suspension at an acidic pH.19... 

Each column was irrigated from the bottom with HPLC grade water (Baker Analyzed Reagent) and allowed to drain for 1 hour. To remove residual salt, two pore volumes (500 mL) of HPLC grade water were slowly dripped through each column. Next, lOOg of soil, spiked with 1.62 mg each of dicamba, 2,4-D, atrazine, diazinon, pentachlorophenol, and lindane, to simulate an application rate of 8 lb/acre, were loaded onto each column. 

Reagents and Standard Compounds. Analytical reference standards of dicamba, 2,4-D, atrazine, diazinon, pentachlorophenol, and lindane were obtained from the U.S. EPA Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals Repository (HD-8), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Stock solutions were prepared in pesticide grade methanol or acetone (Baker resi-analyzed) and stored at -10°C. 

Watts RJ, Udell MD, Rauch PA, Leung SW. (1990). Treatment of pentachlorophenol-con-taminated soils using Fenton s reagents. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials 7(4) 335-345. 

Dextrin Lactose penicillin precursors Benzyl chloride penicillin purification reagent Potassium acetate penicillin synthesis 3-Trimethylsilyl-2-oxazolidinone pennyroyal, perfumes Piperitenone pens/pencils Acetal copolymer pentachlorophenol mfg. 

The following materials may be obtained as reagent or other similar quality grade, and used without further purification chloroform, 2,4,6-collidine, dichloromethane, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, l-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-ethylcarbodiimide,4-dimethylaminopyridine, ethanol, 1 -methylimidazole, ninhydrin.p-nitrophenol, pentachlorophenol, piperidine, succinic anhydride, trichloroacetic acid, triethylamine, and toluene. The following reagents may be used as purchased, but must be stored tightly sealed to avoid undue exposure to moisture acetic anhydride, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and trimethylsilyl chloride. 

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