Patents formulations

Table 10.8 outlines the quality requirements of the basis, or primary, metal for the three generic types of anode. These are the qualities required even when sequestering is also adopted. It will be seen that two grades are listed in the case of aluminium. This is because certain patented formulations permit the lower (99- 8%) grade material providing that the iron and silicon are within the limit given. 

Norian SRS bone mineral substitute is injected directly into osteoporotic and other traumatic fracture sites, filling the bone void. Hardening in minutes, Norian SRS is a patented formulation that forms carbonaated apatite - the main contituent of natural bone - in the patient s body (Illustration courtesy of Norian Corporation, Cupertino, USA). 

A significant number of patents on LDLDs have been issued in the U.S., Europe, and Japan in recent years. Listed in Table 7.10 are examples of LDLD patents formulating for effective soil removal/cleaning. The technology utilized in these patents ranges from special surfactants, surfactant mixtures, salts, and microemulsion to the use of special additives such as lemon juice and abrasives. 

Table 7.11 summarizes recent LDLD patents formulating for good foaming properties. The technologies involved either use novel surfactants/surfactant blends or use novel foam stabilizers. 

The presence of some methanol solvent in the nitromethane isn t harmful to explosive applications of the product. In fact, there are several patent formulations specifically calling for a mixture... 

The stabilized, orally absorbable form of NADH (ENADA) is a nutritional supplement available in the U.S. since 1995 and in the E.U. since 1997. Based on the patented formulation of this supplement, a number of clinical trials have been launched to prove scientifically that ENADA is effective. In order to get these studies started, an investigational new drag (IND) application was filed with the Food and Drag Administration (FDA). For FDA approval, it must be documented that ENADA (the stabilized oral form of NADH) is safe. For this reason, the maximum tolerated intravenous dose (MTD) of (3NADH (reduced form of beta-nicotinamide adenine... 

Polymerisable phosphonates have very varied uses as components of numerous patent formulations various phosphonates have been prescribed as components of metal surface treatments which involve the formation of polymeric materials (Section 12.7). Polyethylene phosphonate (12.159) has good adhesion to metals. 

Many of the cleaning applications which formally used 1,1,1-trichloro-ethane (1,1,1-Tri) or 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113) are using methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene as substitute solvents. Solvent blends that have solvency similar to 1,1,1-Tri and CFC 113 and which contain several halogenated solvents have been introduced by the OxyChem division of Occidental Chemical Corporation. These blends sold under the trademark of Oxsol are solvents with varying evaporation rates and solvency. Components of these blends include monochlorotoluene, perchloroethylene, p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, and 3,4-dichlorobenzotrifluoride. These patented formulations will be discussed later in the section on solvent properties. 

Furthermore, the formulators having shown plenty of imagination, it would seem illusory to provide an exhaustive list of additives used today. We will mention only the families of additives, protected of course by patents, but well established and widely commercialized. 

Those propylene species that the authors were using are no different than safrole or aiiyibenzene. In fact, safrole is a perfect substitute. Yowza Those recipes look awesome Now as Strike understands it, there has already been a detailed writeup of the by-the-numbers application of the above patent as written. This, Strike beiieves, can be found in Uncle Fester s Secrets of LSD Manufacture and/or Secrets of Methamphetamine Manufac-ture [18]. But our adventurous chemist Suniight came thru again and submitted a new, hybrid form of this method which she seems to have formulated after a lot of thought on the matter. So here again is Suniight ... 

Patents have appeared (33,34) which show formulations containing PMMA emulsion polymer and PMMA suspension polymer combined with benzyl butyl phthalate and octyl benzyl phthalate. It is likely that polymers of this type will require highly polar plasticizers in order to have both adequate compatibiHty and adequate gelation. When replacing PVC appHcations the use of large quantities of phosphate plasticizers is sometimes required to give equivalent fire performance. 

Melamine resins were introduced about ten years after the Beetle molding compound. They were very similar to those based on urea but had superior quaHties. Henkel in Germany was issued a patent for a melamine resin in 1936 (7). Melamine resins rapidly supplanted urea resins and were soon used in molding, laminating, and bonding formulations, as well as for textile and paper treatments. The remarkable stabiHty of the symmetrical triazine ring made these products resistant to chemical change once the resin had been cured to the insoluble, cross-linked state. 

A fermented-egg product (EEP), patented as an attractive bait for synanthropic flies, has been shown to be attractive to coyotes and repeUent to deer (79). Its components are variable, with relative concentrations of 77% fatty acids, 13% bases, and 10% (primarily) neutrals composed of at least 54 volatiles such as ethyl esters, dimethyl disulfide, and 2-mercaptoethanol. Synthetic formulations have been evaluated to find a replacement for a patented fermented-egg protein product that attracts coyotes and repels deer. Ten aUphatic acids (C-2 to C-8), four amines (pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, and trimethyl), dimethyl disulfide, 2-mercaptoethanol, and 54 more volatiles (C-1 to C-5 esters of C-1 to C-8 acids) have been tested as synthetic fermented egg (SEE) (80) in approximately the same proportions that are present in EEP. Weathering was a problem that caused decreased efficacy, which suggests trials of controUed-release formulations. Eourteen repeUents have been examined against white-taU deer in Peimsylvania in choice tests when treated onto sheUed com (81). 

Disinfectant Formulations and Sterilization. Hundreds of appHcations covering disinfectant compositions using sodium chlorite have been described in U.S. and foreign patents. Some examples of these are as antimicrobial additives for latexes (166), marine antifouling agents (see Coatings, marine) (167,168), antimildew detergent compositions (169), toothpaste and solution compositions for prevention and treatment of periodontal oral disease (see Dentifrices) (170—172), and compositions for the disinfection of contact lenses (qv) (173). 

Chemically related database searches can be used to estabhsh concepts and patentable ideas. For instance, searches have identified researchers using particular monomers in a potentially patentable latex formulation found precedents for a polymeric emulsifier summarized pubHcations of people being considered as consultants, expert witnesses, employees or speakers to an industrial group and provided market description information for a new pigment manufacturing firm to identify target markets. 

Nickel. Nickel plating continues to be very important. Many plating baths have been formulated, but most of the nickel plating is done in either Watts baths or sulfamate baths. Watts baths contain sulfate and chloride nickel salts along with boric acid, and were first proposed in 1916 (111). Nickel was first plated from sulfamate in 1938 (112) and patented in 1943 (108). The process was brought to market in 1950 (113). Typical bath compositions and conditions are shown in Table 14. 

Upases. The idea of using Upases in the wash process dates back to 1913 when O. Rn hm suggested a dding pancreatin [8049-47-6] to detergent formulations. Many patents have demonstrated that Upases can improve the removal of fatty stains when used in powder and liquid detergents, special presoakers, or other cleaning agents. Intense research activity is also reflected in the literature (43—45). 

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