Plasticizer phosphate

Alkyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizers can exert flame-retardant action in vinyl plastics by a condensed-phase mechanism, which is probably some sort of phosphoms acid coating on the char. Triaryl phosphates appear to have a vapor-phase action (29). 

D. Paul, "A New Phosphate Plasticizer for Low Smoke Wire and Cable AppHcations," paper presented at 3rd Annual BCC Conference on Recent advances in Flame Retardany of Polymeric Materials, Stamford, Conn., May 19—21,1992. 

Patents have appeared (33,34) which show formulations containing PMMA emulsion polymer and PMMA suspension polymer combined with benzyl butyl phthalate and octyl benzyl phthalate. It is likely that polymers of this type will require highly polar plasticizers in order to have both adequate compatibiHty and adequate gelation. When replacing PVC appHcations the use of large quantities of phosphate plasticizers is sometimes required to give equivalent fire performance. 

Tributoxyethyl phosphate plasticizer Kathon CG/ICP preservative (1.5%) Duraplus 2 polymer (3B%)... 

Tributoxyethyl phosphate plasticizer Ektasolve DE glycol ether Dibutyl phthalate... 

Primary plasticizers may be further subdivided. The phthalate types me by far the most popular due to cost and ease of incorporation. Dioctyl phthalate and diisooctyl phthalate are typical of this class, They exhibit good general -purpose properties. Phosphate plasticizers are also important for general-purpose use. Typical of these are tritolyl phosphate and trixylenyl phosphate. These plasticizers also impart fire retardant properties. Low-temperature plasticizers, such as dibntyl sebacate, are used where good low-temperature flexibility is required, For maximum... 

The volume leaders among fire retardants with 35 million pounds were the three phosphate plasticizers for PVC tricresyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate. The remaining 6 million pounds were made up of octyl diphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tri(dibromopropyl) phosphate, tri(dichloropropyl) phosphate and tri-(chloroethyl) phosphate. Polymeric phosphorus and phosphorus halogen-containing additives are used in concentrations of 3-25 p.p.h. in polyesters, flexible and rigid polyurethane foam, and phenolics. 

Table IV. Outdoor Exposure Data at a Phosphate Plasticizer Level...

Flame retardant phosphate plasticizer combination for PVC and polyurethane foams and coatings, adhesives and solvent finishing of textiles, etc. 

Alkyl diaryl and triaryl phosphates have a synergistic action as plasticizers and as flame retardants. Phosphate plasticizers are prepared firom POCI3 and monofunctional alcohols or alkylated phenols. Industrial manufacturing necessitates the manipulation of HCl by-product, which is very corrosive and can cause undesirable side reactions. Because of their flame-retardant properties phosphate plasticizers are employed in fire-retardant apphcations such as cables and spread contract flooring. 

Phosphate plasticizers are also common xenobiotics. In the seepage water samples the butyl and ethyl esters were dominant with concentrations between 20 and 250 pg/L. The chlorinated substance tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, mainly used as a flame retardant, appeared only in sample SW2 with a concentration of 240 pg/L. 

In 1910, the Celluloid Company patented use of triphenyl phosphate in combination with cellulose acetate to circumvent the inherent flammability danger of cellulose nitrate (5). Since then, use of phosphate plasticizers to reduce flammability of polymer compounds has become widespread. Other plasticizer types have become standards for their effect on other specific properties. 

TolplazTBEP. [Albr ht VifilsonAm.] Tributoxyethyl phosphate plasticizer... 

Pliabrac. [Merrand] Phosphates plasticizers for rubbers and jdastics, some flame retardant... 

Phosphate plasticizers such as tritolyl phosphate and trixylyl phosphate are generally used where good flame resistance is required, such as in insulation and mine belting. These materials, however, are toxic and give products with poor low-temperature resistance, i.e., with a high cold flex temperature (typically, -5°C). 

Plasticizers may be solvents or nonsolvents for nitrocellulose. The type used depends on the application. Nitrocellulose is for example soluble in dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate. Plasticizers in which nitrocellulose is insoluble include crude and blown vegetable oils, stearates, and oleates. 

However, it indicates the presence of phosphate plasticizers, stabilizers, or flame-proofing agents. 

Phosphoras-based esters have long been used along with flammable plasticizers to diminish their influence on flammability. The rule of thumb is that 20% phosphate plasticizer is required to maintain self-extinguishing properties of PVC." Phosphate ester plasticizers did not work well together with antimony... 

Admex 515 Admex 523 Benzoflex 9-88 Benzoflex 50 Butyl cyclohexyl phihalale Diisononyl phihalale, Diphenyl octyl phosphate. Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate 2-Ethylhexyl epoxystearate, Isodecyl benzoate Palatinol 711P Paroil 57-61 Paroil 1160 Phosflex TBEP Reofos 95 Sanitizer 147 Sanitizer 3000 Santicizer 141 Santicizer 148 Santicizer 160 Santicizer 261 Santicizer 278 Triisopropyiphenyt phosphate plasticizer, polar resins Citroflex A-2... 

Piccolastic A5 Piccolastic A75 Piccolastic D125 plasticizer, primary CR Diisodecyl adipate Kronitex TBP plasticizer, primary NC Kronitex TBP plasticizer, primary NR Diisodecyl adipate plasticizer, primary polymers Diisodecyl adipate plasticizer, primary PVC Diisodecyl adipate plasticizer, primary resins Trlbutoxyethyl phosphate plasticizer, primary SR Diisodecyl adipate... 

Reofos 1884 Triaryl phosphate plasticizer, textile coalings Diphenyl oryi phosphate Plasihal DOP Sandcizei 141 Ucon 50-HB-55 Ucon 50-HB-100 Ucon 50-HB-170 Ucon 50-HB-260 Ucon 50-HB-400 Ucon 50-HB-660 Ucon 50-HB-2000 Ucon 50-HB-3520 Ucon 50-HB-5100 Ucon 75-H-450 Ucon LB-65 Ucon LB-135 Ucon LB-165 Ucon LB-2 5 Ucon LB-385 Ucon LB-525 Ucon LB-625 Ucon LB-1145 Ucon LB-1715 Ucon LB-3000 plasticizer, textile finishes Polymyl methyl etter plasticizer, textured decorative coatings HostapurOSB... 

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