Removal of soiling in dry cleaning

Examples are dust, particles of stone, metal, rubber soot, scale of skin. 

Pigments 50 not dust, soot, metal oxides, rub-off, pollen, aerosols 

Water soluble 30 water sugar, salt, drinks, body excretions 

Polymers 10 water starch, albumin, milk, food 

Solvent soluble 10 solvents skin grease, resin, wax, oils, fats 

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Surface treatment of textiles, leather, glass, wood, and paper is the second largest application for fluorinated polyurethanes. The coatings are applied in one-step treatment and impart resistance to soil, water, oil, and stains as well as a smoothness to fabrics and leather that resists removal by many cycles of laundering or dry cleaning.52... 

The removal of water-soluble soils from textiles during dry cleaning is an application of secondary solubilization (9). The practical significance of this concept was illustrated by Fulton et al. (10). They were able to demonstrate that in dry cleaning, the removal of sodium... 

Although it may be difficult to control the extent of drying or baking in certain processes, these phenomena should be evaluated, and if they do occur, the cleaning process should be designed to remove those soils in the more difficult dried or baked conditions. 

The third class of soils comprises materials that are soluble in neither aqueous nor nonaqueous systems. In both aqueous and nonaqueous systems, these materials are removed by peptization. The amount of literature on either removal or redeposition of insoluble soils in nonaqueous systems is scanty. In dry cleaning, the moisture content of fibers is the prime factor in soil redeposition, as the moisture content may vary from almost completely dry to up to the amount of regain moisture that they normally contain at a relative humidity of 75%. 

Piment soils consist of solid particles of various sizes. They are generally insoluble in dry cleaning systems. In most cases, carbon black is the principal member of this group. Wendell experimented with cationic, nonionic, and anionic surfactants with different HLBs to determine the influence on the carbon black removal and suspension in solvents system [38]. He concluded that the nature of suspending agents, concentration, and water content of the system highly influence carbon... 

In dry weather, keep plants well watered, especially while fruit is swelling. If soil has been well prepared, strawberries will not need additional fertilizer. To keep the fruit clean and dry, lay a 2-in (5-cm) mulch of straw around plants, tucking it under the foliage. Remove all runners that form, unless you need new plants see right), if so, keep no more than three runners per plant. 

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