Patented results

In a tour deforce of detective work, Di Renzo et al. uncovered an obscure United States patent filed in 1969 and issued in 1971 to Chiola et al., describing a low-density silica. Reproduction of that patent resulted in a product having all of the properties of MCM-41 [75]. 

All of the 13 possible diazinodiazines without bridgehead heteroatoms are known, and are summarized in Figure 1. For all of these, published and patented results since 1994 are reviewed in the present chapter, with the exception of the pyrazino[2,3- pyrimidines (pteridines), which are reviewed in Chapter 10.18. A further review of the chemistry of diazinodiazines has also appeared recently . 

Birch Bayh, Democratic senator from Indiana from 1963 to 1981. With Republican senator Robert Dole, he cosponsored the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 or the University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act, which gave universities and small businesses ownership of patents resulting from projects funded by the federal government. The major drug companies benefited as well They can license new drugs from the universities and small businesses that discovered them. 

Catalytic reactivity results (H202 productivity and selectivity) summarized in Figure 8.9 are comparable, taking into account the differences in the reaction conditions, with patented results reported in Table 8.3. Although, for the direct synthesis of H202, the costs of membrane operations are still higher than those of conventional catalytic reactors, the possibility of safer operations is an incentive, particularly for smaller scale applications. 

The freedom-to-operate inquiry is much broader and more complex than the basic consideration of whether clear title to the patent is being offered—even a clean assignment or license to a particular patented invention does not mean that one has freedom to operate by making, using, or selling the claimed invention if that patent results in the infringement of one or more patents held by another party. Furthermore, the freedom-to-operate inquiry is relevant whenever one wishes to practice in an area,... 

In 1922 and 1923, she was granted two patents resulting from her work with the Association. 

This development was initiated in an effort to help stimulate improved forest management by making it possible to produce valuable products from the kinds of unused residues that result from intensive forest management programs. This argument has been discussed in considerable detail in two earlier publications (1,2). The first patent resulting from this development has recently issued Q). 

Opposition can be filed at the EPO after the European patent has been granted. The results of the opposition, i.e. amendment or revocation of the European patent, apply equally to aU the national patents resulting from the European patent. Furthermore, each national patent can be amended or revoked by national courts under the relevant national law. 

All patents resulting from new applications, continuation applications, continuation-in-part applications, and divisional applications filed on or after June 8, 1995, have a... 

Because the 20-year term starts to run as of its priority date, the 20-year term can be, and often will be, significantly shorter than the 17-year term. The 17-year term (lower time line) and 20-year term (upper time line) are illustrated in Fig. 20.1. For any patent resulting from an application filed after June 8, 1995, the patent term will be less than 17 years whenever the patent issues more than 3 years after the priority date (i.e., the patent term is less than 17 when x is greater than 3 in Fig. 

Effect on Issued Patents and Pending Applications. The GATT provisions extend the term of certain already issued U.S. patents to the greater of 17 years from the date of issue, or 20 years from the priority date of the original application. Hence, patents "in force" on June 8, 1995 and patents resulting from applications filed before June 8,1995 will have the longer of the 17- or 20-year terms. The patent term will be "reset" for patents "in force" on June 8,1995, which had a pendency period of less than 3 years (20). The effect of a reset patent term is shown in Table 20.2. 

What determines which partner gets patents resulting from the joint effort What are the cross licensing arrangements ... 

The error bars here are particularly big, though, and seem to vary a lot with the target. The most recent 50-100 U.S. patent applications listing the words kinase, cathepsin, and vanilloid in their titles as of December 5, 2007 were tallied. No attempt was made to separate out small-molecule patents from other types or to identify patents resulting from collaborations between big pharma and biotech. The publication of better representative numbers from a more detailed look at the issue would be welcomed. 

Patents resulting from the research will be owned by the university however, DuPont will receive exclusive rights to their use through licensing arrangements. 

Health care costs in the United States exceed a staggering trillion dollars per year. Low back pain, urinary incontinence, pressure ulcers (e.g., bed sores), and cardiovascular disease are major contributors to decreased quality of life and increased health care costs. Applications of protein-based materials, briefly noted in this section but discussed more extensively below, have the potential to improve quality of life while lowering health care costs for these and additional medical problems. To provide a historical backdrop and a record of the development of applications. Table 9.1 provides the set of patents resulting from our research efforts,... 

This license gave the Foundation an opportunity to use a patent and licensing policy first developed in 1947. This policy stated that the Foundation should own patents resulting from research work sponsored by it, should charge royalties for any license under any patent it owned, and should license any responsible applicant on a non-exclusive basis. The policy was thought to serve two purposes 1) to ensure that the results would be used to further the interests of the industry and to benefit the public, and 2) to obtain full exploitation of the discovery and give ample opportunity to demonstrate its usefulness in practice. 

CAUTION — ISA DOES NOT TAKE ANY POSITION WITH RESPECT TO THE EXISTENCE OR VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT RIGHTS ASSERTED IN CONNECTION WITH THIS DOCUMENT, AND ISA DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR THE INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT. USERS ARE ADVISED THAT DETERMINATION OF THE VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT RIGHTS, AND THE RISK OF INFRINGEMENT OF SUCH RIGHTS, IS ENTIRELY THEIR OWN RESPONSIBILITY. 

The industrial development of this patent results from the joint venture between SCC and CLE, which teamed up for this project within the G.I.E. CLE-CHAMPAGNOLE between 1986-1989. 

The fact that a recent patent (discussed in Section 3.5.2) closely resembles the first process patented by Formhals in 1934 also supports the viability of his patents and so our group is currently re-evaluating the processes disclosed in the patents results will be forthcoming in future publications. For the sake of comprehensiveness, the Formhals processes are included in the following discussion. At present, there are 13 different methods for making continuous yarns from electrospun fibers discussed in the open literature. Formhals patented four of these methods between 1934 and 1944, while the other nine appeared only after 2001. 

In both methods, the most reliable results are I of the those obtained from measurements in the range equipf 20—80% ionized, where the slope of the titration eleptrc curve is not too steep, (see Fig. 1.1). At least sevenf patent results, each involving different mole ratios, shoulcfl The be obtained and compared in these methods, which will now be described more fully. 

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