Paraffinic solvents

The products manufactured are predominantiy paraffinic, free from sulfur, nitrogen, and other impurities, and have excellent combustion properties. The very high cetane number and smoke point indicate clean-burning hydrocarbon Hquids having reduced harmful exhaust emissions. SMDS has also been proposed to produce chemical intermediates, paraffinic solvents, and extra high viscosity index (XHVI) lubeoils (see Lubrication and lubricants) (44). 

Eudragit RS microspheres containing chitosan hydrochloride were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using an acetone/liquid paraffin solvent system, and their properties were compared with Eudragit RS microspheres without chitosan. The content of pipemidic acid, an antibacterial, increased in larger microspheres as a consequence of cumulation of undissolved pipemidic acid particles in larger droplets. Pipemidic acid release was faster from microspheres with chitosan [212]. 

Duosol Process. The Duosol process developed by the Max B. Miller Co. (28) is an outstanding example of commercial adoption of a double solvent extraction process. Patents (27) for this process date from May 1933 and cover numerous aspects of the problem including a variety of paraffinic solvents (ethane, propane, butane, petroleum ether) and naphthenic solvents (wood tar acids, cresols, creosote, and phenol). Present commercial application utilizes propane and Selecto (a mixture of phenol and cresylic acid, normally ranging in composition from 20 to 80% phenol). 

On the other hand, if the rate constant for the quenching step exceeds that expected for a diffusion-controlled process, a modification of the parameters in the Debye equation is indicated. Either the diffusion coefficient D as given by the Stokes-Einstein equation is not applicable because the bulk viscosity is different from the microviscosity experienced, by the quencher (e.g. quenching of aromatic hydrocarbons by O, in paraffin solvents) or the encounter radius RAb is much greater than the gas-kinetic collision radius. In the latter case a long-range quenching... 

If the oil contains paraffin crystals it may be necessary to clean the loam occasionally with a paraffin solvent. 

The slope and position of the cut line also depend on the solubility parameter of the precipitating solvent as well as the temperature of operation. For paraffin solvents, the overall solubility parameter of the solvent is to the left of the composition map and the cut line is the right-hand wing of the solubility bell curve as it cuts through the composition map. 

LIX84 / n-decane LIX64N/kerosene Aliquat 336/kerosene D2EHPA/kerosene Cyanex 302/kerosene LIX 54/paraffinic solvent (Shellsol T) pure TBP... 

Powdered aluminum containing the patented (5) activators is available in railcar quantities. This powder is slurried with a dry solvent. Conoco uses a highly paraffinic solvent to ensure that product alcohols will meet FDA standards. 

In some cases (DMSO), a second extraction is used instead of extractive distillation, employing a paraffinic solvent that is then regenerated by distillation, and which is also used as a backwash. 

SYNS DISTILLATES (PETROLEUM), SOLVENT-DEWAXED HEAVY PARAFFINIC (9CI) PETROLELTVI DISTILLATES, SOLVENT-DEWAXED HEAVY PARAFFINIC SOLVENT-DEWAXED HEAVY PARAFFINIC DISTILLATE... 

In 1960 s, CIDEP was less popular than CIDNP because CIDEP did need much faster measuring techniques than CIDNP. This is due to much faster relaxation times (usually less than 1 /r s) of polarised electron spins than those (usually a few second for protons) of nuclear spins. In 1968, Smaller et al. [2] observed a population inversion for the cyclopentyl radical with a 2-MHz ESR apparatus coupled with a 15 MeV electron beam with pulse duration of 0.5 -4.0 /z s. The response time of the system corresponded to a time constant of 1.6/z s. In 1970, Atkins et al. [3] obtained the photo-CIDEP for the ketyl radical from benzophenone in paraffin solvents with a 2-MHz ESR apparatus coupled with a 20-ns laser flash. Under favorable chemical conditions, Wong and Wan [4] demonstrated that the photo-CIDEP for some semiquinone radicals in alcohol solvents could be observed with a commercial ESR spectrometer having a 100-kHz modulation unit and a custom-designed rotating sector giving light pulses. 

As with conventional emulsions the nature of the oil can affect the behaviour of the system. For pharmaceutical uses, oils used include the refined hydrocarbon oils such as light liquid paraffin and esters of long-chain fatty acids including vegetable oils, for example, ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate, olive oil and sesame oil. Frankenfeld et al (SO used mixtures of Solvent 100 Neutral (an isoparaffinic, dewaxed oil of high viscosity) and Norpar 13 (a non-viscous, normal paraffinic solvent) to vary the viscosity of the oil phase in attempts to control the transfer of solutes across the oil membrane. 

We first investigated the behavior of mixtures of the normal paraffinic solvents pentane, heptane, and decane with gaseous methane. These mixtures consist of two main UNIFAC groups, methane and the main methyl group CH2 thus, there are only two binary interaction parameters to evaluate. We used the VLE data for the 377 K isotherm of the methane and n-heptane mixture to obtain these parameters for both the HVOS and LCVM models the parameter values are reported in Table 5.3.1. We then estimated the VLE at all other temperatures of the three mixtures. The results... 

As mentioned before, the ELMs have been used for the recovery of different phenols, benzoic acids, and other compounds. Terry et al. [65] studied the application of LMs in the treatment of the simulated wastewaters containing phenohc compounds and organic acids, as weU as the treatment of coal liquefaction plant wastewater. The best treatment results were obtained with the ELM composed of a 1 1 mixture of the 4% solution of PIBSA (a polyamine-based surfactant) in a low-odor paraffin solvent as diluent, with 10% aqueous solution of NaOH as the stripping phase. 

The two-stage concept of the SMDS process provides considerable flexibility with regard to the product slate i.e. product yields can be varied as illustrated in Fig. 4, whilst all relevant product specifications can be met or will be exceeded (Table 3). Alternative outlets for SMDS products are, for instance, as paraffinic solvents and as feed material for XHVI (extra high viscosity index) luboils. 

Organic solvents paraffin, solvents and petrol (gasoline)... 

Asphaltenes and resins are dark substances (from dark red to brown). They are soluble in aromatic solvents but insoluble in paraffin solvents [3]. Asphaltenes have various types of heteroatoms present in crude oil in their structure. Asphaltenes are the most complicated known compounds in crude oil. 

The classic definition of asphaltenes is based on the solution properties of petroleum residuum in various solvents. Broadly speaking, asphaltenes are insoluble in paraffin solvents but soluble in aromatic solvents. Structurally, asphaltenes... 

Asphaltene Heaviest crude oil fraction produced by solution analysis, insoluble in paraffinic solvents and soluble in aromatic solvents. 

Table II shows the H NMR data on 0.1 M iso-HMTT and 0.1M iso-HMTT LiBr in CH2C12 and in benzene. Of primary interest is the last entry in the table, AChei, the chelation shift for iso-HMTT LiBr relative to free iso-HMTT in each of the two solvents. The values of Achei in CH2C12 are analogous to what is observed for lithium alkyl systems such as TMED LiBu in paraffinic solvents. The small 0.1 ppm) down-field shift of the N-CH3 protons accompanied by essentially no shift of the N-CH2- protons is typical for lithium chelates in non-aromatic solvents and is what we have referred to as a normal chelation shift. Observation of this normal AChei is evidence that iso-HMTT LiBr does exist as the chelate in CH2C12.

Dissociation of tren NaBr. Solid tren NaBr (12.5 grams) was loaded in an Alundum extraction thimble which was then placed in a Soxhlet extractor. After extraction with 250 ml Isopar G (Enjay iso-paraffinic solvent, bp 159°-177°C) for 2-8 hours, the solution was cooled to room temperature a phase separation resulted. The lower liquid phase (containing pure tren and 1-3 wt % Isopar G) was removed. Solvent recycle gave quantitative recoveries of NaBr and polyamine. 

Experiments typically consisted of dispersing 70 milliliters of a 2 molar solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 100 milliliters of an oil phase. This oil phase consisted of a paraffinic solvent (Solvent 100 Neutral, Exxon Chemical Company), a nonionic emulsion-stabilizing surfactant (Paranox 100, Exxon Chemical Company), a cationic "carrier" - a tri-capryl quaternary ammonium salt (Aliquat 336,... 

Comparison of Catalytic and Solvent Dewaxing for Paraffinic Solvent Raffinates... 

Nitrane. [WJl. Grace/Organics] Nitro-paraffin solvents industrial chemicals ... 

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