Naphthenic solvents

Duosol Process. The Duosol process developed by the Max B. Miller Co. (28) is an outstanding example of commercial adoption of a double solvent extraction process. Patents (27) for this process date from May 1933 and cover numerous aspects of the problem including a variety of paraffinic solvents (ethane, propane, butane, petroleum ether) and naphthenic solvents (wood tar acids, cresols, creosote, and phenol). Present commercial application utilizes propane and Selecto (a mixture of phenol and cresylic acid, normally ranging in composition from 20 to 80% phenol). 

Distillate, light naphthenic, solvent-refined. See Petroleum distillates, light naphthenic, solvent-refined... 

Distillates (petroleum), light hydrocracked. See Petroleum distillates, light hydrocracked Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined heavy paraffinic. See Petroleum distillates, solvent-refined, heavy paraffinic Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined light naphthenic. See Petroleum distillates, light naphthenic, solvent-refined Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined (mild) heavy paraffinic. See Petroleum distillates, solvent-refined, heavy paraffinic Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined (mild) light naphthenic. See Petroleum distillates, light naphthenic, solvent-refined Distillates (petroleum), sweetened middle. See Petroleum distillates, sweetened middle Distilled Lipolan. See Hydrogenated lanolin Distilled fatty acids, cottonseed oil. See Cottonseed acid... 

Synonyms Distillate, light naphthenic, solvent-refined Distillates, light naphthenic, solvent-refined Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined light naphthenic Distillates (petroleum), solvent-refined (mild) light naphthenic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, solvent-refined (mild) light naphthenic... 

Setoglaucine. See Basic blue 1 Severe acid-treated middle distillate. See Petroleum distillates, acid-treated middle Severely hydrotreated light distillates. See Petroleum distillates, hydrotreated light Severely solvent-refined light naphthenic distillate. See Petroleum distillates, light naphthenic, solvent-refined Sewer gas. See Hydrogen sulfide Seychelles cinnamon leaf oil. See Cinnamon... 

Petroleum distillates, light naphthenic, solvent-refined... 

Paraffinic, naphthenic solvent VISTA LPA-150 SOLVENT VISTA 164... 

Solvent refining of lu- 7-9 stage countercur- Naphthenic solvent cresylic acid (60%) -f phenol (40%)- ... 

Naphthenic solvent n. Hydrocarbon solvents comprised wholly or partially of cyclo-paraffinic (naphthenic) hydrocarbon compounds. The only common commercial naphthenic solvent is cyclohexane. 

However, fungi can be prevented from attacking the wood by treating it chemically and keeping its moisture content to a minimum. Chemical treatment may be solvent-borne or water-borne. Active ingredients include pentachlorophenol, tributyltin oxide and copper and zinc naphthenates (solvent-borne) and mixtures of copper sulphate, sodium or potassium dichromate, and hydrated arsenic pentoxide (water-borne). These act in a variety of ways to destroy or inhibit the growth of fungi. 

Commercially, xylene is obtained by the catalytic reforming of naphthenes in the presence of hydrogen see toluene) or was formerly obtained from coal tar. The material so-produced is suitable for use as a solvent or gasoline ingredient, these uses accounting for a large part of xylene consumption. If xylene is required as a chemical, separation into the iso-... 

The cobalt catalyst can be introduced into the reactor in any convenient form, such as the hydrocarbon-soluble cobalt naphthenate [61789-51 -3] as it is converted in the reaction to dicobalt octacarbonyl [15226-74-17, Co2(CO)g, the precursor to cobalt hydrocarbonyl [16842-03-8] HCo(CO)4, the active catalyst species. Some of the methods used to recover cobalt values for reuse are (11) conversion to an inorganic salt soluble ia water conversion to an organic salt soluble ia water or an organic solvent treatment with aqueous acid or alkah to recover part or all of the HCo(CO)4 ia the aqueous phase and conversion to metallic cobalt by thermal or chemical means. 

Ketone Peroxides. These materials are mixtures of compounds with hydroperoxy groups and are composed primarily of the two stmctures shown in Table 2. Ketone peroxides are marketed as solutions in inert solvents such as dimethyl phthalate. They are primarily employed in room-temperature-initiated curing of unsaturated polyester resin compositions (usually containing styrene monomer) using transition-metal promoters such as cobalt naphthenate. Ketone peroxides contain the hydroperoxy (—OOH) group and thus are susceptible to the same ha2ards as hydroperoxides. 

Naphthenic acids are viscous hquids, with phenohc and sulfur impurities present that are largely responsible for their characteristic odor. Their colors range from pale yeUow to dark amber. An odor develops upon storage of the refined acids. Naphthenic acids have wide boiling point ranges at high temperatures (250—350°C). They are completely soluble in organic solvents and oils but are insoluble (<50 mg/L) in water. Commercial naphthenic acids are available in... 

A significant advance in metal soap technology occurred in the 1920s with the preparation of the metal naphthenates. Naphthenic acids (qv) are not of precise composition, but rather are mixtures of acids isolated from petroleum. Because the mixture varies, so does acid number, or the combining equivalent of the acid, so that the metal content of the drier would not always be the same from lot to lot. The preparation of solvent solutions of these metal naphthenates gave materials that were easy to handle and allowed the metal content to be standardized. Naphthenates soon became the standard for the industry. 

Gasoline accumulator Solvents Storage vessels Lube oil refining Polyethylene gas vents Styrene Copper naphthenates Insecticides Phthalic anhydride Resin reactors Ammonia Chlorine solutions Dry cleaning Degreasers Tar dipping Kraft paper... 

More frequently either methyl ethyl ketone peroxide or cyclohexanone peroxide is used for room temperature curing in conjunction with a cobalt compound such as a naphthenate, octoate or other organic solvent-soluble soap. The peroxides (strictly speaking polymerisation initiators) are referred to as catalysts and the cobalt compound as an accelerator . Other curing systems have been devised but are seldom used. 

Extracts (petroleum), heavy naphthenic distillate solvent Extracts (petroleum), heavy paraffinic distillate solvent Extracts (petroleum), light naphthenic distillate solvent Extracts (petroleum), light paraffinic distillate solvent Extracts (petroleum), light vacuum gas oil solvent Euel oil no. 6... 

Solvents are recovered from the oil stream through distillation and steam stripping in a fractionator. The stream extracted from the solvent contains high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, aromatics, naphthenes and other hydrocarbons, and is often fed to the hydrocracking unit. 

In extractive distillation, the compounds which it is desired to separate are distilled in the presence of a solvent. This solvent, by reason of its greater affinity for one of the compounds, causes the other material present to exhibit an abnormally high vapor pressure which permits its removal from the system. For example, adding phenol to a mixture of toluene and close-boiling paraffins and naphthenes causes the toluene to behave as if it boiled as much as 40 °F above its normal boiling point. 

Lube oil extraction plants often use phenol as solvent. Phenol is used because of its solvent power with a wide range of feed stocks and its ease of recovery. Phenol preferentially dissolves aromatic-type hydrocarbons from the feed stock and improves its oxidation stability and to some extent its color. Phenol extraction can be used over the entire viscosity range of lube distillates and deasphalted oils. The phenol solvent extraction separation is primarily by molecular type or composition. In order to accomplish a separation by solvent extraction, it is necessary that two liquid phases be present. In phenol solvent extraction of lubricating oils these two phases are an oil-rich phase and a phenol-rich phase. Tne oil-rich phase or raffinate solution consists of the "treated" oil from which undesirable naphthenic and aromatic components have been removed plus some dissolved phenol. The phenol-rich phase or extract solution consists mainly of the bulk of the phenol plus the undesirable components removed from the oil feed. The oil materials remaining... 

Aniline is an aromatic amine (CgHjNHj). When used as a solvent, it is selective to aromatic molecules at low temperatures, and paraffins and naphthenes at higher temperature. Aniline is used to determine aromaticity of oil products, including FCC feedstocks. Aniline point (AP) is the minimum temperature for complete solubility of an oii sample in aniline. 

The residues from the vacuum distillation can also be refined to provide very viscous lubricants. The residues from paraflmic base oils are generally solvent extracted and dewaxed. The main use of these products (bright stocks) is as blending components for heavy lubricants. Thus residues from naphthenic base oils, which are also used as blending components for heavy lubricants, are normally not extracted. 

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