Paint consistency

Mineral spirits, a type of petroleum distillate popular for use in solvent-based house paints, consist mainly of aUphatic hydrocarbons with a trace of aromatics. This type of solvent finds use in oil- and alkyd-based house paints because of its good solvency with typical house paint binders and its relatively slow evaporation rate which imparts good bmshabiUty, open-time, and leveling. Other properties include lower odor, relatively lower cost, as well as safety and health hazard characteristics comparable to most other organic solvents. 

Application of protective paints consists of surface preparation of steel, priming coat and finishing coats. Wherever possible, steel should be blast-cleaned before painting. Primers thoroughly wet the metal to promote adhesion of finishing paints and carry inhibitive pigments. For example, red lead oxide will minimize the spread of rust on metal surfaces. The total thickness of fmishing coats must be at least 0.125 mm for adequate protection and life. Four coats of paint usually are necessary to achieve this. 

All paints consist of a binder (sometimes called a medium) and pigment. Materials consisting of binder only are called varnishes. Most paints and varnishes contain solvent in order to make the binder sufficiently liquid to be applied. The combination of binder and solvent is called the vehicle. Some paints are available without solvent (e.g. solventless epoxies) but these generally require special methods of application (e.g. application of heat) to reduce the viscosity. 

Figure 8.8 Mean concentration profiles of Zn, Cu and Cd in multilayer acrylic paint, consisting of orange deposited on blue, both on yellow. The arrows define the three paint layer limits as they were evaluated through weighing. After Brissaud [299]. Reprinted from Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, B117,1. Brissaud et al., 179-185, Copyright (1996), with permission from Elsevier...

Crosslinked polymer particles with a rather complex structure, which have also been designated by the name microgels and recommended as components of metal effect paints, consist of carboxyl-terminated oligoesters of 12-hydroxy stearic acid which were reacted with glycidyl methacrylate, subsequently copolymerized with MMA and hydroxymethyl methacrylate and then crosslinked by hydroxy melamine [346]. 

The method of preparation for the second type of paint consisted of mechanical polishing, cleaning, phosphatlng for 5 minutes with Oxy-Plus 84 DRS solution, drying for 30 minutes without rinsing, application of one layer of precoat followed by air drying for 4 hours at room temperature and application of one layer of Marlnox SR-2 paint followed by curing for 8 days at room temperature. 

A. Lucas stated that antimony and its compounds were rarely used in ancient Egypt. He mentioned one example of a Nineteenth-Dynasty eye paint consisting of antimony sulfide the use in the same Dynasty of antimony and lead to color glass yellow some small beads of metallic antimony, probably made from native metal in the Twenty-second Dynasty (945-745 B.C.) a tablet of metallic antimony which M. Julius... 

Bailer s argument is refuted by the fact that none of the colored walls shows any pattern of brush marks, and no identifiable coat of paint, since wall paint consists not only of pigment, but also of a not inconsiderable proportion of binding agents and other chemicals. The blue pigment is, however, simply one component of the lime paint and plaster. 

A paint consists of (i) vehicle (ii) pigment and (iii) additives or fillers. A vehicle renders the fluidity to the paint and upon drying leaves a film. A pigment suspended in the vehicle offers the corrosion protection. Additives or fillers enable the dry coating to withstand the environment. Corrosion control by barrier coatings may be envisaged as shown in Figure 1.64. 

Solvents or thinners control paint consistency and application properties. Slow solvents evaporate slowly and leave the film open (workable) for longer periods than fast solvents, which evaporate rapidly in water-thinned paints, water is the thinner and there is no control over rate of evaporation. 

Puffing agents, or thixotropic agents, increase the paint consistency and minimize sagging by giving a thixotropic consistency to paint (a type of behavior in which the viscosity of the system decreases when agitated, as under the shear of brushing, and increases when allowed to stand). 

Results shown in Table 3 show that most of the HPC/LK bound samples survived heating to 1400°C. Most of the paints were removed from the surface of the ceramic at 1500°C. These data also shows that paint consisting of a 100%i ZAP binder and 30% YAG Dy powder by volume is intact and emits fluorescence after heating to 1500°C. This paint surface did look bumpy or mottled after heating. The other ZAP paints were also intact, but with reduced fluorescence. In fact, the 100%i ZAP and 30%i by volume YAG Dy paint was also found to emit fluorescence after heating to 1600°C. 

Oil paints consist of a suspension of pigment (colorant) in a drying oil such as linseed oil. 

Emulsion paints consist of polymer dispersions as binders, pigments, extenders, and small amounts of auxiliaries (in some cases < 1 %). Waterborne polymer dispersions are produced by emulsion polymerization monomer droplets are polymerized in water-containing surfactants and protective colloids. The size and size distribution of the dispersed polymer particles can be controlled by adjusting the stirring rate in the polymerization reactor and by selecting appropriate protective colloids. 

Viscosity. Although paint viscosity can be accurately measured with viscometers, paint consistency is normally assessed with /7oh cups. The time in seconds required for a known volume of paint to flow out of the cup through a jet is measured. Paints of higher or lower viscosity can be matched by using cups with different jet diameters. 

CAS 14807-96-6 EINECS/ELINCS 23 fl77-9 Uses Filler, extender in NR, SR, paints, sealants, mastics, latex compds. pigment for paints/coatings Ind. interior wall paints, exterior house paints, primers, maintenance paints, traffic paints increases paint consistency. Improves pigment suspension where settling is a problem Features Provides high brightness, chem. inertness, easy disp., exc. 

The paint consists of two components. After the components are mixed the solution may last for several days, which allows the paint to be applied onto surfaces by any conventional means. 

Most polymers may be dispersed as a solution or an emulsion, thus acting as a base for synthetic varnishes. In addition to the primary polymeric resin (the binder) and the dispersing fluid (organic solvents or water), paint consists also of pigments, fillers, plasticizers, catalysts and stabilizers. Domestic... 

Paint consists of a mixture of pigments which gives body and colour, and a resin or binder which is the actual film-forming component and acts as a glue to hold the pigment together and stick them to the surface. Binders include synthetic resins such as acrylics, polyurethanes, polyesters and epoxies and can be a combination of resins, e.g. epoxy/ acrylic and polyurethane/acrylic. To adjust the curing properties and reduce the viscosity so that the paint can be easily applied, a solvent or carrier is used. These evaporate after application and do not form part of the paint film. In waterborne paints, the carrier is water. With solvent-borne paints, also called oil-based paints, the carrier is a solvent such as acetone, turpentine, naphtha, toluene, xylene and white spirit. 

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