Normality assessment

Hazardous health properties of preparations are normally assessed on the basis of the hazardous properties and concentration of the dangerous... 

The accuracy of a titration calorimeter is normally assessed using the reactions of NaOH(aq) with HCl(aq) or HCICUjaq) [209,210], The dissolution of crystalline tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) in HCl(aq) has also been employed when the apparatus is equipped with a system for the introduction of solid samples (e.g., an ampule breaking device) [210]. As mentioned in chapter 8, the latter method is commonly recommended for testing conventional reaction-solution calorimeters [39,40]. 

The aromas were normally assessed after i, 1, 2, 3, and k min. The maximum yield (0.5%) of the interesting 2-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-formyl-1-pyrrolyl) propionic lactone has been shown to occur from a mixture of glucose and ala in about 3 min under "dry" conditions at 200° ( 3). The full results are available ( ) and a set obtained at 180 2° is given in Table I as an example. 

This whole complex of parameters is normally assessed in a pilling tester, e.g. Baird s Random Tumble Pilling Tester (Baird et al., 1956). In this test various specimens are compared with a standard by counting the pills per unit area or by determining the weight per unit area. 

Normally assess (audit) software development capability maturity of the package supplier for complex and critical apphcations. 

In contrast, the therapeutic use of AMDs generally involves treating animals individually with AMDs formulated for parenteral (usually intramuscular or subcutaneous) or oral dosing, with animals dosed on a mg/kg body weight basis. Here, dosing can be more accurate even if body weight is normally assessed rather than measured under clinical conditions. 

Viscosity. Although paint viscosity can be accurately measured with viscometers, paint consistency is normally assessed with /7oh cups. The time in seconds required for a known volume of paint to flow out of the cup through a jet is measured. Paints of higher or lower viscosity can be matched by using cups with different jet diameters. 

FIGURE 73.2 Examples of different types of assessments that can be performed by combining performance capacity measures and reference values of different types. The upper section shows raw score values as well as statistics for a healthy normal reference population in tabular form (left). It is difficult to reach any decision by simple inspection of just the raw performance capacity values. Tabular data are used to obtain a percent normal assessment middle) and a z-score assessment right). Both of these provide a more directly interpretable result regarding subject A s impairments. The lower section shows raw score values (same as in upper section) and quantitative demands (typically worst case) imposed on the respective performance resources by task X. The lower-middle plot illustrates the process of individually assessing sufficiency of each performance resource in this task context using a threshold rule (i.e., availability must exceed demand for sufficiency). The lower-right plot illustrates a similar assessment process after computation of a stress metric for each of the performance capacities. Here, any demand that corresponds to more than a 100% stress level is obviously problematic. 

Unfortunately, there is no one ideal additive since each of the infinite number of end uses will call for a particular set of characteristic, including diverging properties. Recognize that, like a sea-saw, improvements in one property can lead to deterioration in others. In addition, the effectiveness of compounding additives depends also on the correct procedure of incorporation into the plastic matrix. The compatibility and diffusibility of additives is normally assessed fi-om experience or by trial and error. The basic theories and knowledge of solution thermodynamics may be used to determine potential compatibility. The theories of their behaviors do exist so that they can be used in the preliminary concepts to meet specific performances. 

The particle morphology is normally assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sample preparation depends, in the first instance, on the type of equipment and normally requires the use of aluminum stubs with a carbon conductive tape and coating with gold-palladium layer. Sometimes the particles are placed on a double-sided carbon tape that is attached to aluminum stubs, without coating requirement. The analyses are carried out by applying to sample a difference of potential between 2 and 20 kV. 

Cranial Tibial / Gastrocnemius / Extensor Carpi Radialis / Triceps Brachii Not normally assessed unless lesions are suspected or are required by protocol. Examiner should be experienced in producing these particular reflexes, as proper interpretation can be difficult. 

Extensor Toe Not normally assessed imless specific lesions are suspected or protocol indicated. 

The running of a control programme is normally assessed by the Annual Transmission Potential, which is an index related to the level of infectivity in the fly population. However, S. damnosum s.l. will also bite cattle and can pick up microfilariae of Onchocerca ochengi, which do not infect man, but develop to an infective L3 stage indistinguishable from ... 

PV is normally assessed using the Wheeler procedure AOCS (1984) method CD 8-53 (73) and lUPAC method 2.501. The determination should ideally be carried out under tungsten lighting as ultraviolet light liberates iodine from potassium iodide in solution, in the presence of oxygen, creating high blanks. The liberated iodine is titrated with standard sodium thiosulfate. Results are expressed in Standard International (SI) Units. Some laboratories express the result in different units, which may be related to the SI units by the factors shown in the Table 2. 

The durability of double glazing sealants is normally assessed by measuring the rate of moisture ingress into the cavity. This can be done by measuring the amount of water absorbed by the desiccant or by determining accurately the internal dew point. The former... 

To assist companies in the make-buy decision it is normally necessary for companies to have a framework by which they can understand the opportunity costs and risks of insourcing or outsourcing activities. A formalised process will normally assess the current internal costs of ownership against the external costs of ownership. More advanced models may well try to understand deskilling, the loss of critical assets and post-contractual lock-in and moral hazard over time if activities are outsourced. 

The susceptibility of an alloy to pitting on openly exposed surfaces (in the absence of crevices) in a given solution and fixed temperature is normally assessed by determination of anodic pitting potential values. The two pitting potentials of interest are (1) the extrinsic, surface-dependent anodic breakdown potential (Eb), and (2) the conservative, intrinsic anodic repassivation potential (or protection potential (Eprot)) that defines the minimum potential at which pitting is possible in the test environment. 

The deterioration of mechanical properties is normally assessed by measurements of fracture resistance by pendulum impact test methods or slow speed flexural strength measurements and by ensuring that the surface of the specimens subjected to tensile stresses corresponds to the face exposed to the UV (or weathering) source. These tests are generally more meaningful than nondestructive tests, such as modulus measurements, since the chemical changes and the creation of fine cracks (often invisible to the naked eye) may involve only a very fine layer on the surface of the exposed samples. 

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