Paint antimony oxide

The three main types of flame-retardant paints are intumescent paints, antimony oxide/chlorinated resin compounds, and silicate paints. ... 

Cblorina.ted Pa.ra.ffins, The term chlotinated paraffins covers a variety of compositions. The prime variables are molecular weight of the starting paraffin and the chlorine content of the final product. Typical products contain from 12—24 carbons and from 40—70 wt % chlorine. Liquid chlotinated paraffins are used as plasticizers (qv) and flame retardants ia paint (qv) and PVC formulations. The soHd materials are used as additive flame retardants ia a variety of thermoplastics. In this use, they are combiaed with antimony oxide which acts as a synergist. Thermal stabilizers, such as those used ia PVC (see vinyl polymers), must be used to overcome the inherent thermal iastabiUty. 

Antimony trioxide and sodium antimonate are added to specialty glasses as decolorizing and fining agents, and are used as opacifiers in porcelain enamels. Antimony oxides are used as white pigments in paints, whereas antimony trisulfide and pentasulfide yield black, vermilHon, yeUow, and orange... 

Of the pigments and extenders tested, zinc borate is the most effective as a fire retardant. Calcium carbonate has good fire-retardant properties, especially in the limitation of the char area. Antimony oxide, whether in presence or absence of chlorine, is not particularly effective as a fire-retardant pigment in paint. 

Use and exposure Antimony is a silvery-white metal found in the Earth s crust. Antimony ores are mined and later mixed with other metals to form antimony alloys used in lead storage batteries, solder, sheet and pipe metal, bearings, castings, and pewter. Antimony oxide is added to textiles and plastics to prevent them from catching tire. It is also used in paints, ceramics, and fireworks, and as enamels for plastics, metal, and glass. 

Antimony oxide, Sb203, is a nonreactive white pigment prepared from metallic antimony using a similar technique to that used for the preparation of zinc oxide. Antimony oxide is widely used in the preparation of fire retardant paint in conjunction with chlorine containing resins. On... 

Halogen-containing flame-retardants such as chlorinated paraffins, poly-bromodiphenyl oxides, and polybromodiphenyls are used in conjunction with antimony oxide. On exposure to fire, the halogen gases hberated by decomposition of the resin component of the paint film react with the antimony oxide to produce a vapor of antimony hahde that blankets the flame. 

ORIGIN/INDUSTRY SOURCES/USES manufacture of white metal, bullets, bearing metal in fireworks thermoelectric piles coating metal blackening iron semiconductor devices paint pigments rubber vulcanization agents ceramic additive alloys antimony oxide lead storage batteries solder... 

Also, it is used in lead storage batteries, solder bearings, castings and pewter. Antimony oxide has numerous applications. It is used in paints, ceramics and fireworks and is added to textiles. The average concentration of antimony in the urban air in USA is estimates as 0.001/rg/m. ... 

Among antimony compounds are antimony hydride (stibine, a gas) which is the most deadly, followed by antimony sulfide (stibinite), which is used in modern times in camouflage paints (because it reflects IR), and the antimony oxide/lead oxide and carbonate mixture Naples yellow, was used as a pigment and paint as well as a flame retardant in plastics (PVC) for their use in car components, in televisions and so on, because it quenches the fire by reacting chemically with burning materials, although it was also accused of causing cot deaths (see Chapter 10). 

Standard Test Method for Quahtative Determination of Nature of Solvent Composition in Solvent-Reducible Paints Standard Test Method for Antimony Oxide in White Pigment Separated from Solvent-Reducible Paints Standard Test Method for Sulfide in White Pigment Separated from Solvent-Reducible Paints... 

Chem. Descrip. Antimony oxide CAS 1309-64-4 EINECS/ELINCS 215-175-0 Uses Elame retardant for plasties, paper, textiles, and paints flame retardant pigment for PVC used with ehlorinated organies for produeing flame-retardant polyesters, polyethylene eompds. mfg. of flame-retardant films, sheets, textiles, paper, paints Features Must be used with a halogen-eontaining eompd. for flame retardant effeet high tinetorial str. 

NZ 97 Micrai 532 S.A. 100 Saytex 8010 SB-332 Sodium antimonate. Sodium Antimonate Poiy Grade flame retardant, thin-film Antimony Oxide KR Grade Supetfine flame retardant, TPE FRCROS 480 Phos-Chek P/30 Saytex 102E Saytex 120 Tetradecabromodiphenoxybenzene flame retardant, TPR FRCROS 480 Phos-Chek P/30 flame retardant, traffic paints Chlorez 700... 

At or above 70% chlorine content, the materials are solids with softening temperatures from 103 to 160°C. These are useful as flame-retardant additives particularly for polyoleflns, rubber, paints and adhesives. A typical formula for meeting UL 94 V-0 with polyethylene uses 20-24% chloroparaffin and 8-10% antimony oxide (27). Above the 13-carbon chain length, the toxicological characteristics of the long-chain chloroparaffins [63449-39-8] is very favorable. 

FireShield HPM Series High Purity antimony oxide is used as a catalyst, chemical Intermediate and flame retard2uit in specialty applications requiring low levels of lead, arsenic and other trace metals. FireShield HPM is available in tvro grades. The 1.0 to 1.6 micron average particle size is suitable for many sensitive electronic applications, while the 0.2 to 0.4 submicron grade is used in liquid systems such as epoxies, urethanes, adhesives, paints, solvents and colloids where dispersibility or surface area is ing>ortant. 

Antimony yellow, or yellow of antimony, was typically a synonym for lead antimony oxide (Lead antimonate or Naples yellow, qq.v.). However, various nineteenth century authors draw a distinction between these. Osborn (1845) for example, states, Yellow of Antimony holds the middle place between chrome yellow and Naples yellow. According to the Manuel, Guimet... has prepared a kind of a fine golden color, more intense than that of Naples Yellow, and that seems to be soUd. The author of the Traite Complet considers Antimony-yeUow preferable to Naples yellow, and quite as solid. Salter (1869) likewise distinguishes antimony yellow from Naples yellow, stating that it was likewise a preparation of that metal, of a deeper colour than Naples yellow, but similar in its properties. It was principally used in enamel and porcelain painting, and differed greatly in tint. ... 

From the nineteenth century other pigments might be admixed or substituted for lead antimony oxide, such as cadmium yellow (cadmium sulfide) and lead chloride oxide (qq.v.). Modem paints called Naples yellow typically contain substitutes based on cadmium sulfide (or sulfide selenide) with yellow ochre or red iron oxide and a white pigment such as lead, titanium dioxide or zinc white chromium/nickel titanium yellows and those based on (parachloro-)orthonitraniline are also used (Carlyle, 2001 Wainwright et al.). 

A number of other molybdenum compounds are used in paint and coatings. These include molybdenum trioxide (Climax), as well as zinc and calcium/zinc molybdates, sold under the trade name Kemgard (Sherwin Williams). Although effective as inmmescent flame retardants and smoke suppressants in coatings, as yet they have not proven so in flexible vinyl compounds. This may relate to the fuel source in flexible vinyl being mainly mobile plasticizer rather than flammable polymer these additives might be revisited, if need be, in unplasticized compounds. With low levels of flammable plasticizer, it is possible to replace about half the antimony oxide content with molybdenum trioxide with similar LOI results. 

Antimony oxide is a white pigment used almost exclusively in fire-retardant paints, where it has been very effective, especially in combination with whiting and chlorinated paraffin. 

Antimonious acid H3Sb03 and its salts are less well characterized but a few meta-antimonites and polyantimonites are known, e.g. NaSb02, NaSb305.H20 and Na2Sb407. The oxide itself finds extensive use as a flame retardant in fabrics, paper, paints, plastics, epoxy resins, adhesives and rubbers. The scale of industrial use can be gauged from the US statistics which indicate an annual consumption of Sb203 of some 10000 tonnes in that country. 

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