Lead antimonate

Lead antimonate [13510-89-9] (Naples yellow), Pb2(Sb0 2> mol wt 993.07, d = 6.58g/cm, is an orange-yeUow powder that is insoluble in water and dilute acids, but very slightly soluble in hydrochloric acid. Lead antimonates are modifiers for ferroelectric lead titanates, pigments in oil-base paints, and colorants for glasses and glazes (see Colorants for ceramics). They are made by the reaction of lead nitrate and potassium antimonate solutions, followed by concentration and crystallization. 

The principal red and yellow pigments are Lead chromate chrome yellow, orange and red), zinc chromate zinc or buttercup yellow), barium chromate lemon yellow or yellow ultramarine) various products based on jerric oxide, hydrated (yellow) or anhydrous (red), both natural yellow and red ochres) and artificial Mars yellow, English red, etc.) red oxide oj lead minium or red lead) mercuric sulphide cinnabar, vermilion) antimony oxysulphide antimony cinnabar) cadmium sulphide cadmium yellow) basic lead antimonate Naples yellow). 

The yellow color of object 3 is perplexing, because lead is the only significant nonmatrix element. Normally such a color results from lead antimonate, Pb2Sb207. Powder x-ray studies by M. Bimson (British Museum Research Laboratory) showed that the sample did contain lead antimonate. Thus some antimony must have escaped during dissolution and evaporation, possibly as SbFs. We conclude that the yellow color and the opacity of this object results from the lead antimonate. This... 

In summary, the violet color (objects 5, 7, 8) is caused by iron in the presence of manganese and cobalt. The turquoise blue color (objects 4, 6, 9) is caused by copper in the presence of iron. These same components (copper, iron) in the presence of lead (probably as lead anti-monate) produce a green color (object 2). Lead antimonate alone causes a yellow-orange color (object 3). Cowell and Werner (I) have found also that cobalt at the 0.2% level can impart a deep blue color, that antimony at the 2% level (as calcium antimonate) can produce an opaque white glass, and that copper in a certain form see below) at the 4% level can give a deep red color. These results are in general agreement with those found by other workers (5). 

Lead antimonate, Pb3(Sb04)2, is used as an orange pigment in oil-based paints and in glazes. Write a balanced chemical equation and a solubility product expression for its dissolution in water. 

Lead Antimonate(V) Naples yellow. Approx PWSbOj,. 

Antimony lead oxide (SbzPbsOs) Diantimony trilead octaoxide EINECS 236-845-9 Lead antimonate Lead antimonate(V) Naples yellow Paris yellow. An orange-yellow pigment, A mixture of this material with carbonate and chromate of lead is also sold under this name. Cadmium sulfide, CPS, and a pale yellow ocher have been identified by this term used to stain glass, crockery and porcelain. Insoluble in H2O. 

Octanoic acid, decanoic acid. 236-845-9 Lead antimonate 2209... 

Other so-called gold substances produced by alchemists were often toxic metal salts that happened to have a yellow sheen such as lead antimonate (PbSb205) and metallic mercury (Hg) salts " ... 

Lead Antimonate (Naples Yellow). This compound, generally used in conjunction with tin oxide or zinc oxide, gives a good onglaze yellow for pottery decoration it is also used, with a lead borosilicate flux, as a vitreous enamel colour. 

Naples Yellow. See lead antimonate. Napoleon Green. A ceramic colour that can be fired-on at temperatures up to 1000 C. It consists of (%) CoO, 30 Ct203. 45 hydrated AI2O3,15 ZnO, 10. Nasicon. The compound Na3Zr2PSi20i2 is a superionic conductor with application as a solid electrolyte. 

Antimony yellow, or yellow of antimony, was typically a synonym for lead antimony oxide (Lead antimonate or Naples yellow, qq.v.). However, various nineteenth century authors draw a distinction between these. Osborn (1845) for example, states, Yellow of Antimony holds the middle place between chrome yellow and Naples yellow. According to the Manuel, Guimet... has prepared a kind of a fine golden color, more intense than that of Naples Yellow, and that seems to be soUd. The author of the Traite Complet considers Antimony-yeUow preferable to Naples yellow, and quite as solid. Salter (1869) likewise distinguishes antimony yellow from Naples yellow, stating that it was likewise a preparation of that metal, of a deeper colour than Naples yellow, but similar in its properties. It was principally used in enamel and porcelain painting, and differed greatly in tint. ... 

Clark et al, (1969) Clark, J.R. Appleman, D.E. Papike, J.J. Crystal-chemical characterization of clinopyroxenes based on eight new structure refinements Mineralogical Society of America Special Papers 2 (1969) 31-50 Clark et al (1995) Clark, R.J.H. Synthesis, structural characterization and Raman spectroscopy of the inorganic pigments lead tin yellow types I and II and lead antimonate yellow their identification on Medieval paintings and manuscripts Journal of the Chemical Society. Dalton Transactions 16 (1995) 2577-2582 Clarke (1976) Clarke, J. Two Aboriginal rock art pigments from Western Australia their properties, use and durability Studies in Conservation 21 (1976) 134-142, 159-160... 

Shortlam) et al. (2000) Shortland, A.J. Nicholson, P.T. Jackson, C.M. Lead isotopic analysis of eighteenth-dynasty Egyptian eyepaints and lead antimonate colourants Archaeometry 42 1 (2000) 153-157... 

When used in lead-bearing enamels, a yellow color may be produced by the formation of lead antimonate. Also, antimony oxide does not give as good opacity in leadbearing enamels as it does in the leadless types. 

The formation of lead antimonate, referred to above, is sometimes deliberately encouraged in low-temperature pottery glazes, where a compound of lead oxide and antimony oxide, known as Naples yellow, is used. Antimony is not often used as an opacifier in glazes, but is used in the pottery industry as a yellow body stain, usually in combination with rutile or titanium dioxide. 

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