Polyesters flame retardants

This phosphinic anhydride [15171 -48-9] C H O P, is then reacted with glycol and other precursors of poly(ethylene terephthalate), to produce a flame-retardant polyester [82690-14-0] having phosphinate units of the stmcture —0P(0)(CH2)CH2CH2C00—. Trevira 271 is useflil for children s sleepwear, work clothing, and home flirnishings. A phosphoms content as low as 0.6% is reported to be sufficient for draperies and upholstery tests if melt-drip is not retarded by print pigments or the presence of nonthermoplastic fibers (28). 

This dicarboxyhc ester is then copolycondensed with the other reactants in PET manufacture to produce a flame-retardant polyester [63745-01-7]. The advantage of this rather unusual phosphinate stmcture is its high thermal and hydrolytic stability. The fabric is probably used mainly for flirnishings in pubhc buildings in Japan. 

The 1988 Consumer Safety Regulations depart from the principle of testing composites because they essentially test individual materials in a standard manner although the composite BS 5852 test is used. Thus flame retarded fabrics and interliners are tested with a specified standard PU foam and polyurethane foams and other fillings are tested with a specified flame retarded polyester fabric. It is understood that this... 

E Covered with the flame retarded polyester fabric. 

All filling materials are specified by ignition tests to BS 5852 Part 2 and composite non-PU foam mattress fillings to BS 5852 Part 2 and BS 6807 for seating and mattress applications respectively with a flame retarded polyester fabric. Different ignition sources, constructions and pass/fail criteria are used to differentiate between "acceptable" and "unacceptable" materials. 

Sato, M., Endo, S., Araki, Y., Matsuoka, G., Gyobu, S., and Takeuchi, H., The flame-retardant polyester fiber Improvement of hydrolysis resistance, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2000, 78, 1134—1138. 

The three possible approaches to flame-retardant polyester - additives to the polymer melt, flame-retardant copolymers and topical finishes - have all been used commercially to produce flame-retardant polyester textiles. All the methods employ phosphorous- or bromine-containing compounds as the active flame retardant. 

A large number of halogen-containing reactive diols, polyols, anhydrides, and other functional groups containing intermediates have been used to produce flame-resistant unsaturated polyester resins. Flame-retardant polyester resins have been made by using broraostyrene as partial replacement of styrene for cross-linking (21). 

Thermal Degradation Mechanisms of Flame-Retarded Polyesters... 

Sato, H., Kondo, K., Tsuge, S., Ohtani, H., and Sato, N., Thermal Degradation of Flame-Retarded Polyester with Antimony Oxide/Brominated Polycarbonate Studied by Temperature Programmed Analytical Pyrolysis Techniques, Polym. 

Chem. Descrip. Antimony oxide CAS 1309-64-4 EINECS/ELINCS 215-175-0 Uses Elame retardant for plasties, paper, textiles, and paints flame retardant pigment for PVC used with ehlorinated organies for produeing flame-retardant polyesters, polyethylene eompds. mfg. of flame-retardant films, sheets, textiles, paper, paints Features Must be used with a halogen-eontaining eompd. for flame retardant effeet high tinetorial str. 

Zb -112 Zb -237 Zb -325 flame retardant, polyamides Ethylenebis dibromonorbornane dicaiboximide, Octabromodiphenyl oxide flame retardant, polybutylenes Great Lakes DE-83 Great Lakes DE-83R Great Lakes SP-75 flame retardant, polyester fabric topcoats Solucote Top FR 767 flame retardant, polyester laminates Martinal ON-921... 

Solucote Top FR1047 flame retardant, polyesters Budit 310 Budit 311 Budit 312 Ethylenebis dibromonorbornane dicarboximide, FRCROS 485 Martinal OL-107 Martinal ON Martinal ON-310 Martinal ON-313 Martinal ON-320 Mattlnal ON-904 Martinal ON-906 Mattlnal ON-908 Mattlnal ON-935 Mattlnal ON-4608 Melamine phosphate SB-331 flame retardant, polylmldes Ethylenebis (tetrabromophthallmide) flame retardant, polymer systems UFH16... 

Flame retardantfinishes for polyester/cellulosic blends. Effectively flame retarding polyester/cotton blends is not simple and the problems associated with it have been discussed elsewhere.Within the technical textile sector, however, the uses of these... 

Tribromophenyl allyl ether flame retardant, polyamides Ethylenebis dibromonorbornane dicarboximide Melamine cyanurate Octabromodiphenyl oxide Phosphorus, red Polystyrene, brominated Resorcinol bis (diphenylphosphate) flame retardant, polybutylenes Tetrabromobisphenol A, bis (2,3-dibromopropyl ether) flame retardant, polyester fabrics Methylphosphonic acid, bis [(5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl) methyl] ester... 

Tris (P-chloroethyl) phosphate plasticizer, flame retardant molded PVC Isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer, flame retardant particle board Tris (P-chloroethyl) phosphate plasticizer, flame retardant plastics Tris (P-chloroethyl) phosphate plasticizer, flame retardant plastlsols Isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer, flame retardant polyester resins Triethyl phosphate... 

Air velocity 25 mm/s ignition by pilot flame. A PVC B polyethylene C polypropylene D polystyrene E poly(methyl methacrylate) F flame-retarded polyester G unmodified polyester H amine-cured epoxy resin I carboxylic anhydride-cured epoxy resin J resin I filled with 60 phr. of AlgOg, K resin / filled with 60 phr. of Al(OH)g . beech-wood M fir-wood... 

F flame-retarded polyester G unmodified polyester H amine-cured epoxy resin I carboxylic anhydride-cured epoxy resin J resin / filled with 60 phr. of AI2O3 K resin I filled with... 

ABS with 20% of glass fibre ABS with flame-retardant Polyester resin... 

In the FRG, the experiments of Rieber were aimed at determining the applicability of a flame-retarded polyester fibre as cover tissue or cushion filler for upholstered furniture. 

In addition to smoke suppressors, reduced-smoking compounds are also available in a ready-to-process state. For example the Envirez grade of PPG Industries is a styrene-free polyester resin filled with alumina trihydrate. Its smoke production is between 10 and 100 according to ASTM E 84 measured in the Steiner Tunnel (cf. Fig. 3.93, Section 3.2.1), and its value in the NBS chamber (cf. Fig. 4.6, Section 4.1.1.4) is 89, while those of the conventional halogen-containing flame-retarded polyesters are 250 to 1100 (smoke production) and 102 (D value). 

Flame-retarded polyester fibres can be produced by co-polymerisation of ethylene bis(methylphosphinic)acid, Me(H0)P(0) CH2-CH2-P(0)(0H)Me, with ester monomer to secure firm chemical bonding of the retardant (12.211). 

For flame-retardant polyester fibres the copolymerisation of phosphorus retardants is the most common method. However, a serious difficulty is that the phosphorus-containing polymer is easily hydrolysed. Work by the Toyobo Company Limited in Japan has shown that two identical PET fibres can offer differing properties depending on where the phosphorus compound is situated within the pol5mier chains. One has the addition as a side chain and the other an identical phosphorus compound in the polymer backbone. Both fibres had almost the same physical and flame retardant properties, yet the main-chain type hydrolysed around twice as fast as the side-chain type, and led to an immediate drop in toughness. 

Atkins, K.E., Gentry, R.R., Gandy, R.C., Berger, S.E., and Schwarz, E.G. (1978) Silane treated altunina trihydrate a new formulating tool for flame retardant polyester fiber reinforced plastics. 

Flame retarded polyester formulation may contain 10-50% of the anhydride, with 30% being typical. They are used primarily in construction including shower systems, lavatories, panels in exterior sidings of office buildings, roof lights, glazing, and door panels. The chlorendic anhydride based resins tend to demand high prices because of their translucency and increased corrosion resistance. 

The flame-retardant polyester fiber was marketed originally by Hoechst, later by Ticona as Trevira CS, and now by Kosa in the United States as Avora FR, and is used for decorative fabrics and curtains, upholstery fabrics, hospital bedding, and sleeping bags. These fibers also exhibit low smoke evolution, good appearance, and light stability. 

Numerous patents disclose alternatives for flame-retardant polyester fibers by introducing small amoimts, such as less than 1%, of phosphorus. The cocondensation of less than 1% of phenylphosphonic acid into the polyester has been claimed sufficient to flame retard it to a Japanese standard (168). Perhaps of commercial utility is a polyester fiber made by transesterifying the oligomer of phenyl(hydrox5miethyl)phosphinic acid into molten poly(ethylene terephthalate) (169). 

This ring system has been used in epoxy resins as well as in thermoplastic polyesters. It has been the subject of many patents and publications, and is commercially produced in Europe and the Far East. Its original use was in Toyobo s flame-retardant polyester fiber, in the form of the itaconic ester adduct. 

A further example of the application of XRF spectroscopy is the determination of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate on the surface of flame retardant polyester fabrics [211. The technique used involved extraction of the fabric with an organic solvent followed by analysis of the solvent by XRF for surface bromine and by high-pressure liquid chromatography for molecular tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate. The technique has been applied to the determination of hydroxy groups in polyesters [22, 231 ... 

Patel RH, Patel KS. Synthesis of flame retardant polyester-urethanes and their applications in nanoclay composites and coatings. Polym Int March 2014 63(3) 529-36. 

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