Nucleic acids transcription

Agents which act on nucleic acid transcription and replication 201... 

If an antibody to the protein of interest is available, it is sometimes possible to use vector sequences, eg, the beta-galactosidase promoter sequence, to direct the transcription of the passenger DNA into messenger RNA and the translation of that mRNA into protein which can be recognized by the antibody. Although this method is somewhat less reHable than the use of nucleic acid probes, specialized vectors are available for this purpose. 

Nucleic acids are the last of the four major classes of biomolecules we ll consider. So much has been written and spoken about DNA in the media that the basics of DNA replication and transcription are probably known to you. Thus, we ll move fairly quickly through the fundamentals and then focus more closely on the chemical details of DNA sequencing and synthesis. 

The general topology of rubredoxins is also observed in the general zinc-ribbon motif in RNA polymerases or in transcription factors (59). The first published zinc-ribbon structure was that of the nucleic-acid binding domain of human transcriptional elongation factor TFIIS (PDB file ITFI) 40). These zinc binding domains and rubredoxins... 

Larsen H.J., Nielsen P.E. Transcription-mediated binding of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) to double-stranded DNA sequence-specific suicide transcription. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 24 458-463. 

Gambacorti-Passerini C., Mologni L, Bertazzoli C., le Coutre P., Marchesi E., Grignani F., Nielsen P.E. In vitro transcription and translation inhibition by anti-promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/re-tinoic acid receptor-alpha and anti-PML peptide nucleic acid. Blood 1996 88 1411-1417. 

Lee R., Kaushik N., Modak M.J., Vi-NAYAK R., Pandey V. N. Polyamide nucleic acid targeted to the primer binding site of the HlV-1 RNA genome blocks in vitro HlV-1 reverse transcription. Biochemistry 1998 37 900-910. 

Boulm F., Freund F., Moreau S., Nielsen P.E., Gryaznov S., Toulme J.J., Litvak S. Modified (PNA, 2-O-methyl and phosphoramidate) anti-TAR anti-sense oligonucleotides as strong and specific inhibitors of in vitro HI.V.-l reverse transcription. Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 26 5492-5500. 

Nielsen P. E., Egholm M., Buchardt O. Sequence-specific transcription arrest by peptide nucleic acid bound to the DNA template strand. Gene 1994 149 139-145. 

Vickers T.A., Grieeity M.G., Ramasamy K, Risen L.M., Freier S.M. Inhibition of NF-kB specific transcriptional activation by PNA strand invasion. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 23 3003-3008. 

M0LLEGAARD N.E., BuCHARDT O., Egholm M., Nielsen P.E. Peptide nucleic acid-DNA strand displacement loops as artificial transcription promoters. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1994 91 3892-3895. 

Borgatti M., Lampronti 1., Romanelli A., Pedone C., Saviano M., Bianchi N., Mischiati C, Gambari R. Transcription factor decoy molecules based on a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-DNA chimera mimicking Spl binding sites./. Biol. Chem. 2003 278 7500-7509. 

N., Gambari R. Inhibition of hiv-1 Itr-dri-ven in vitro transcription by molecular hybrids based on peptide nucleic acids mimicking the NF-kB binding site. Int. J. 

Bentin T, Nielsen P.E. In vitro transcription of a torsionally constrained template. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 30 803-809. 

Some RNA molecules have intrinsic catalytic activity. The activity of these ribozymes often involves the cleavage of a nucleic acid. An example is the role of RNA in catalyzing the processing of the primary transcript of a gene into mature messenger RNA. 

Transcription Template DNA-directed synthesis of nucleic acids typically DNA-directed synthesis of RNA. 

Pereira LA, Bentley K, Peelers A, ChurchiU MJ, Deacon NJ (2000) A compilation of cellular transcription factor interactions with the HIV-1 LTR promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 28(3) 663-668 Persaud D, Zhou Y, Siliciano JM, Siliciano RF (2003) Latency in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection no easy answers. J Virol 77(3) 1659-1665 Peterson CL, Tamkun JW (1995) The SWI-SNF complex a chromatin remodeling machine Trends Biochem Sci 20(4) 143-146... 

Both target and signal amplification systems have been successfully employed to detect and quantitate specific nucleic acid sequences in clinical specimens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), strand displacement amplification (SDA), and ligase chain reaction (LCR) are all examples of enzyme-mediated, target amplification strategies that are capable of producing billions of... 

The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), used in the treatment of AIDS, provide interesting examples of clinically relevant noncompetitive inhibitors. The causative agent of AIDS, HIV, belongs to a virus family that relies on an RNA-based genetic system. Replication of the vims requires reverse transcription of the viral genomic RNA into DNA, which is then incorporated into the genome of the infected host cell. Reverse transcription is catalyzed by a virally encoded nucleic acid polymerase, known as reverse transcriptase (RT). This enzyme is critical for viral replication inhibition of HIV RT is therefore an effective mechanism for abrogating infection in patients. 

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