NFPA

Since the inception of the association, standards and codes have become more than simple standardization, installation, and maintenance guides for sprinkler systems. There are currently hundreds of codes covering a large range of fire-related topics, with numerous NFPA committees developing standards and codes through a democratic process. All are published in the National Fire Codes or can be requested individually in pamphlet form. Some of the most widely used include NFPA 70, National Electric Code NFPA 101, Life Safety Code NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code NFPA 13, Automatic Sprinkler Standard NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gases Standard and NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Standard. 

The purpose of NFPA 70 is to provide a guide for the practical safeguarding of persons and property from hazards arising from the use of electricity. It covers installation of electrical conductors within 

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Eire Hazard Properties oJElammahk Eiquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids, Pub. NFPA 325M, National Fire Protection Association, 1984. 

Numerous tests covering flame retardancy and related matters are available. The requirements most often specified for fire resistance of a textile materials are that it must pass either Federal Specification Method 5903 or NFPA 701. 

The Fire Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles and Films, issued by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ia 1989, is the method most used by iadustrial fire-retardant finishers (ca 1993) (50). It has been approved by the American National Standards Institute. 

Mcetylene Cylinder Changing Plants, Pamphlet NFPA SIA, National Fire Prevention Association, Boston, Mass., 1974. 

Storage andHandling ofiEiquefied Petroleum Gases, National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 58, Boston, Mass., 1989. 

Manufacture of Aluminum and Magnesium Powder, 1987 ed., NFPA No. 651, National Fine Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quiacy, Mass., 1987. 

Methanol does not pose an undue toxicity hazard if handled in weU-ventilated areas, and is rated as a slight health hazard by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The TLV is 200 ppm with a STEL of 250 ppm, and the limit which is immediately dangerous to Hfe and health is 25,000 ppm. Accidental ingestion is immediately treated by inducing vomiting, followed by adrninistration of sodium bicarbonate. Rinsing with water is effective in treating external exposure. 

Methanol is stable under normal storage conditions. Methanol is not subject to hazardous polymerization reactions, but can react violendy with strong oxidizing agents. The greatest hazard involved in handling methanol is the danger of fire or explosion. The NFPA classifies methanol as a serious fire hazard. 

Fig. 14. Outside battery limit (OSBL) equipment spacing. Minimum spacing for off-site equipment is in meters. Classifications of tankage are Class 1 high ha2ard, flash point below 38°C Class 2 low ha2ard, flash point above 38°C. NFPA = National Fine Protection Association. Safety standards are calculated...

Flash poiat, °C Lower limit, vol % Autoignitioa temperature. NFPA reactivity Reportable spik. 

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The NFPA reactivity stabiUty range is iutegral from 0 (stable) to 4 (unstable). 

Ha2ard identification of the contents of in-plant bulk storage tanks, warehouses, etc, may be achieved by a system developed by the NFPA (48). The system makes use of three diamond-shaped areas, which are marked with numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 indicating increasing ha2ards of toxicity, flammabHity, and reactivity, respectively. 

In the fire codes, the atmospheric boiling point is an important physical property used to classify the degree of hazardousness of a Hquid. If a mixture of Hquids is heated, it starts to bod at some temperature but continues to rise ia temperature over a boiling temperature range. Because the mixture does not have a definite boiling poiat, the NFPA fire codes define a comparable value of boiling poiat for the purposes of classifying Hquids. For petroleum mixture, it is based on the 10% poiat of a distillation performed ia accordance with ASTM D86, Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products. 

For dammable and combustible hquids, dash point is the primary basis for classifying the degree of fire hazardousness. NFPA Classifications 1, 2, and 3 designate the most to the least fire hazard hquids, respectively. In essence, low dash point hquids ate high fire hazard hquids. 

Vaulted. Vaulted tanks are installed inside a concrete vault. The vault, itself a Hquid-tight compartment, reduces the fire protection requirements as the NFPA and the International Fire Code Institute (IFCI) recognize these tanks as fire-resistant aboveground storage tanks. The vault provides a two-hour fire wall, thermal protection that minimizes tank breathing losses and pollution, secondary containment, and baUistic protection. 

The biological oxygen demand (BOD) in aqueous streams for both butanals is 1.62 wt/wt for five days (42). The NFPA Hazard classification (42) ... 

National Fire Codes N Compilation o/NFPA Codes, Standards, Kecommended Practices, Manuals, and Guides, Vol. II, National Fire Protection Association, Md., 1987. 

NFPA Bu/ktin, 325 M, National Fite Protection Association, 1984. 

D. R. Scarbrough, in Fire Protection Handbook, 17th ed., NFPA, 1991, Chapt. 02-12. 

Dust Explosion Prevention-Plastics Industy, Code No. 654, NFPA, 1988. 

Venting of Deflagrations, NFPA 68, 1986 ed.. National Fire Protection Association, Quiucy, Mass. 

Stanley Grossel, President, Process Safety Design, Inc. Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Member, American Chemical Society Member, The Combustion Institute Member, Explosion Protection Systems Committee of NFPA (Section 26, Process Safety)... 

National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) NFPA-20 Centrifugal Fire Pumps... 

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 58, Standard for the Storage and Handhng of Liquefied Petroleum Gases... 

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