Solids volatile

Selenium dioxide is a volatile solid obtained when selenium is burnt in air or oxygen. It is very soluble in water, forming a solution of... 

Tellurium dioxide, Te02, is a white non-volatile solid obtained when tellurium is burnt in air. It is only slightly soluble in water but dissolves in alkalis to form salts. 

These are halides formed by highly electropositive elements (for example those of Groups I and II, except for beryllium and lithium). They have ionic lattices, are non-volatile solids, and conduct when molten they are usually soluble in polar solvents in which they produce conducting solutions, indicating the presence of ions. 

When an element has more than one oxidation state the lower halides tend to be ionic whilst the higher ones are covalent—the anhydrous chlorides of lead are a good example, for whilst leadfll) chloride, PbCl2, is a white non-volatile solid, soluble in water without hydrolysis, leadflV) chloride, PbC, is a liquid at room temperature (p. 200) and is immediately hydrolysed. This change of bonding with oxidation state follows from the rules given on p.49... 

Fundamentally, introduction of a gaseous sample is the easiest option for ICP/MS because all of the sample can be passed efficiently along the inlet tube and into the center of the flame. Unfortunately, gases are mainly confined to low-molecular-mass compounds, and many of the samples that need to be examined cannot be vaporized easily. Nevertheless, there are some key analyses that are carried out in this fashion the major one i.s the generation of volatile hydrides. Other methods for volatiles are discussed below. An important method of analysis uses lasers to vaporize nonvolatile samples such as bone or ceramics. With a laser, ablated (vaporized) sample material is swept into the plasma flame before it can condense out again. Similarly, electrically heated filaments or ovens are also used to volatilize solids, the vapor of which is then swept by argon makeup gas into the plasma torch. However, for convenience, the methods of introducing solid samples are discussed fully in Part C (Chapter 17). 

Eire Hazard Properties ofElammahle Eiquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids, Keport 325M-1984, National Fire Codes, Vol. 8, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, Mass. 

Daily feeding, continuous mixing, 35°C, pH 6.7 to 7.2, 12-day hydrauHc retention time, 1.6 kg volatile solids/m d except for kelp, which was 2.2 kg VS/m -d. All biomass substrates 1.2 mm or less ia size. 

Tire Hazard Properties oJTlammable Uiquids, Gases, Volatile Solids, BuU. No. 325M, National Fire Protection Association, Boston, Mass., 1977. 

Materials used as grinding aids include solids such as graphite, oleo-resinous liquid materials, volatile solids, and vapors. The complex effects of vapors have been extensively studied [Goette and Ziegler, Z. Ver. Dt.sch. Ing., 98, 373-376 (1956) and Locher and von Seebach,... 

Volatile Solids, NFPA 325, Quincy, Mass.). Pressure particularly affects flash point and the uppei flammable limit (UFL) see later section entitled Effect of Temperature, Pressure, and Owgen. Mists of high-flash-point liquids may be flammable the lowei flammable limit (LFL) of fine mists and accompanying vapor is about 48 g/m of air, basis 0°C and 1 atm (0.048 oz/fP). 

The primary advantage of aerobic digestion is that it produces a biologically stable end product suitable for subsequent treatment in a variety of processes. Volatile solids reductions similar to anaerobic digestion are possible. Some parameters affecting the aerobic digestion process are ... 

The volatile solids reduction can be equal to those achieved by anaerobic digestion. 

VS/L Measure of volatile solids, usually expressed as g VS/L/day-grams volatile solids per liter per day. 

Fumes are formed when material from a volatilized solid condenses in cool air (e.g., welding fumes). 

NMAB. 1982. Classification of Gases, Liquids and Volatile Solids Relative to Explosion-Proof Electrical Equipment. Report NMAB 353-5. National Academy Press, Washington, DC (August 1982). 

The elusive NBr3 was finally prepared as a deep-red, very temperature-sensitive, volatile solid by the low-temperature bromination of bistrimethylsilylbromamine with BrCl ... 

FPN No. 1) For additional information on the properties and group classification of Class I materials, see Manual for Classification of Gases, Vapors, and Dusts for Electrical Equipment in Hazardous (Classified) Locations, NFPA 497M-1991, and Guide to Eire Hazard Properties ofElammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids, NFPA 325—1994. 

NFPA-325 Guide to Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Volatile Solids, (1994 ed.), NFPA-321 Basic Classification of Flammable and Combustible Liquids (1991 ed.), NFPA-497A, Classification of Class 1 Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas (1992 ed.), and NFPA-497B, Classification of Class II Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas (1991 ed.), National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 

Oxygen can also be removed from feedwater by thermal de-aeration, or partially removed by skilful design of the feed heating system and blowdown recovery. These processes run without cost to the operator, but save chemicals, and, by reducing the required dose of sulfite into the system, decrease the amount of non-volatile solids added into the boiler. 

Trithiatriazepine 1 is a stable colorless volatile solid. Its IR spectrum shows an asymmetric NSN vibration at 1136 cm 1 and the UV spectrum has a long wavelength absorption at 327 nm, typical of an aromatic transition. The ring proton resonates at r) = 9.0 and the... 

Benzene Triozonide (Ozobenzene, Benzoltriozonid in Ger). CjjH CU (probable structure given by Beilstein, Ref 1) white, amorph, si volatile solid sol in benz, insol in ale, eth, chlf, CS2 and ligroin. Prepd by Renard (Ref 2) and Harries et al (Refs 3 4) by passing ozone thru pure benz (thiophene free), cooled to 5—10°... 

The burning rates of standard aluminized hydrocarbon binder composite proplnts may be increased significantly not only with ferrocene derivatives but also with compatible carborane-type burning rate additives. However, most ferrocene derivatives are volatile solids or liquids which have a tendency to evaporate from the proplnt during storage, thereby degrading ballistic performance. Rudy (Ref 71) minimized this problem by the use of polynuclear ferrocene... 

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