Neutron activation analysis, comparison

Comparison of Various FNAA Techniques for Assay of Synthetic Octol Samples Precision of Single-Axis Rotation FNAA for Assay of Octol Plant Samples Fast Neutron Activation Analysis for Nitrogen in Explosives by... 

Byrne AR, and Kucera J (1991) Radiochemical neutron activation analysis of traces of vanadium in biological samples A comparison of prior dry ashing with post-irradiation wet ashing. Fresenius f Anal Chem 340 48-52. 

Kucera j (1995) Elemental characterization of new Polish and US NIST geological, environmental and biological reference materials by neutron activation analysis and comments on the methodology of interlaboratory comparisons. Chem Anal (Warsaw) 40 405-421. 

Yellin, J., Perlman, I., Asaro, F., Michel, H. V. and Mosier, D. F., Comparison of Neutron Activation Analysis from the Lawrence Laboratory and the Hebrew University, Archaeometry 20. 95-100 (1978). 

Akesson, K., Grynpas, M.D., Hancock, R. G. V., Odselius, R., and Obrant, K. J. (1994). Energy-dispersive X-ray-microanalysis of the bone mineral content in human trabecular bone - a comparison with ICP-ES and neutron-activation analysis. Calcified Tissue International 55 236-239. 

Garcia-Heras, M., Blackman, M. J., Fernandez-Ruiz, R., and Bishop, R. L. (2001). Assessing ceramic compositional data a comparison of total reflection X-ray fluorescence and instrumental neutron activation analysis on Late Iron Age Spanish Celtiberian ceramics. Archaeometry 43 323-347. 

Zheng, J., Goessler, W., Geiszinger, A., et al. (1997). Multi-element determination in earthworms with instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry a comparison. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 223 149-155. 

Cluster analysis Is used to determine the particle types that occur in an aerosol. These types are used to classify the particles in samples collected from various locations and sampling periods. The results of the sample classifications, together with meteorological data and bulk analytical data from methods such as instrunental neutron activation analysis (INAA). are used to study emission patterns and to screen samples for further study. The classification results are used in factor analysis to characterize spatial and temporal structure and to aid in source attribution. The classification results are also used in mass balance comparisons between ASEM and bulk chemical analyses. Such comparisons allow the combined use of the detailed characterizations of the individual-particle analyses and the trace-element capability of bulk analytical methods. 

Bromine-82 has a half-life of about 36 hours this is not sufficient for the isotope to be used conveniently in tracer work especially if labelled reagents have first to be prepared and purified. Low concentrations of bromine in small specimens of organic materials, such as polymers, can be determined by the method of neutron activation analysis (2). The various substances are prepared using ordinary bromine and then samples are bombarded with thermal neutrons so that the nuclear reaction 81Br(n, y)82Br occurs. Activity is therefore induced in the samples comparison with standards treated similarly permits determination of the bromine contents of the unknowns. For this technique to be applicable, it is necessary to have access to a powerful source of thermal neutrons. Neutron activation analysis can be used for the determination of very low concentrations of many elements and its general features have been fully discussed (3). 

A Comparison of Neutron Activation Analysis and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy on Gunshot Residue... 

Comparison of the levels of some trace elements detected by the non-destructive neutron activation analysis in five tapeworms - parasites of birds. Bulletin de I Academie Polonaise des Sciences (Sciences Biologiques), 25 49-54. 

Flow injection hydride generation has been used to measure As, Hg, and Se in coals with detection limits in the 2- to 5-ng/g range [341]. Comparison of ICP-MS and neutron activation analysis results showed good agreement. 

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to determine concentrations of several major and trace elements in samples of heavily corroded residues found in crucible fragments excavated at Tel Dan, Israel. The residues were mostly hard, metallic phases admixed with nonmetallic inclusions that appeared to be ceramic material from the loose porous interior of the crucible itself The objective was to identify the metals that had been melted in these crucibles. A method is described that attempts to separate nonmetallic and metallic phase data. In comparison to previous reports on analyses of source materials thought to have been used at Dan in this period (Late Bronze II Age-Early Iron I Age 1400-1000 B.C.), high gold concentrations were found. These appear to be correlated to arsenic and antimony concentrations. This finding is discussed in relation to possible changes in the source of tin at this period. 

Modern human bone samples were analyzed to test the instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and to help establish more complete information on the natural levels of several trace elements in modem bones. The modern bones included seven samples of cortical bone and 16 samples of cancellous bone (eight of which were defatted). All samples were obtained from femoral heads. The data obtained for these 23 samples and a further description of the INAA technique have been reported elsewhere (13). For the purpose of comparison with the archaeological bone samples, this data obtained by using the same INAA technique is summarized in this chapter. 

TIMS has been used for many years as the benchmark technique especially for uranium isotope analysis. Instrumental improvements have enabled ICP-MS to approach the accuracy and precision obtained by TIMS in measuring data. In addition, due to time consuming sample preparation steps and the need for a large volume of urine, the method has been replaced by the more powerful ICP-MS in many laboratories. An interlaboratory analytical exercise on the determination of natural and depleted uranium in urine was carried out by different ICP-MS instruments, by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis. TIMS has also been employed to determine fg quantities of Pu and °Pu in bioassay samples (such as human urine and artificial urine), ° in an interlaboratory comparison for the analysis of the Pu and Pu/ °Pu atomic ratios in synthetic urine by TIMS and AMS as reported in reference. ... 

Garuti, G., Meloni, S., Oddone, M. Neutron activation analysis of platinum group elements and gold in reference materials a comparison of two methods. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 245, 17-23 (2000)... 

Table II. Comparison of the Composition of Spanish Colonial Majolica Analyzed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Direct Current Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrography (DCP-OES) CD > 0 0 1...

Neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry are used to determine the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Al, Zn, Sb and Mn. Although the emission rates are important, the ambient air levels are not altered significantly. The yearly mean deposition rates are increased close to the source for Pb, Cd, Zn and Sb. They are compared to TA-Luft upper limits. Also a toxicity potential" is calculated by comparison with drinking water standards. 

In order to demonstrate the analytical capabilities of LI-MS, the results it provided for glass samples were compared with those obtained using other multi-element and microanalytical techniques to determine 30 trace elements [195]. This comparison revealed the number of elements that can be determined by LI-MS to be similar to that of other multi-element techniques such as instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) or LA-ICP-MS. However, INAA was unable to determine some geochemically interesting trace elements such as Nb and Y, and LA-ICP-MS analyses were occasionally disturbed by the formation of argon clusters. In contrast to LA-ICP-MS, LI-MS can also measure single-isotope elements such as Nb, Y, Pr and Ho also, it requires no wet chemistry. 

To attempt to sort out some of these issues with sourcing native copper, Ron Hancock and colleagues at the SLOWPOKE nuclear reactor facility at the University of Toronto decided to use the multielement capability of neutron-activation analysis. They started with 43 samples from 19 collections of native copper and 23 samples of copper from archaeological contexts but which were believed to be reworked metal of European origin. Eive other samples of copper from artifacts from known contexts but of unknown source were also included. To maximize the possibility that the provenience postulate would be true, they included 27 elements in their analytical procedure and got useful data for 22 of them. They also analyzed 14 subsamples from the same specimen to assess within sample variation and three modem copper samples for comparison. 

Vandecasteele C, Vanhoe H, Dams R, et al. 1990. Determination of strontium in human serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and neutron activation analysis A comparison. Talanta 37(8) 819-823. 

NAA, XRF, and isotope dilution analysis, by listing the parameters analytes determinable, concentration ranges, selectivity, analysis time and cost. Vandecasteele (1991) presents a review of recent developments and trends in instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis as well as charged particle activation analysis and performance comparison with ICP-MS. 

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