Human trabecular bone

Akesson, K., Grynpas, M.D., Hancock, R. G. V., Odselius, R., and Obrant, K. J. (1994). Energy-dispersive X-ray-microanalysis of the bone mineral content in human trabecular bone - a comparison with ICP-ES and neutron-activation analysis. Calcified Tissue International 55 236-239. 

Fig. 6 Centrebands of the proton-decoupled CP and BD NMR spectra (81 MHz) of human trabecular bone, recorded under MAS at 3 kHz [20]. The peaks are presented with the same maximum intensities...

Fig. 12 Kinetics of CP in lyophilised human trabecular bone under MAS at 3 kHz...

Table 3 Parameters of the H—CP kinetics for human trabecular bone, fitted for the experimental points from [39]. The slow and fast-relaxing components correspond to curves C and A-Cin Fig. 13. All the time constants are reported in ms. Results of the old fittings [39] are reported in brackets ...

Fig. 19 NMR spectra of collagen and lyophilised human trabecular bone recorded with MAS at 40 kHz (833 MHz spectrometer) [20]...

Kaflak A, Chmielewski D, Gorecki A, Kolodziejski W (1998) Kinetics oPH—> P cross-polarization in human trabecular bone. Solid State NMR 10 191-196... 

Nuttall ME, Patton AJ, Ohvera DL, Nadeau DP, Gowen M. Human trabecular bone cells are able to express both osteoblastic and adipocytic phenotype implications for osteopenic disorders. J Bone Miner Res 1998 13 371-382. 

Inspired by the hierarchical structures that enable bone function, Deng et al. recently developed a mechanically competent 3D scaffold mimicking the bone marrow cavity and the lamellar structure of bone by orienting electrospun polyphosphazene-polyester blend nanofibers in a concentric manner with an open central cavity (Figure 11.9b and c) [66]. The 3D biomimetic scaffold exhibited mechanical characteristic similar to native bone. Compressive modulus of the scaffold was found to be within the range of human trabecular bone. When tuned to have desired properties, the concentric open macrostructures of nanofibers that structurally and mechanically mimic the native bone can be a potential scaffold design for accelerated bone healing. 

Interestingly, the failure (yield and ultimate) strains of human trabecular bone have only a weak dependence, if any, on apparent density and modulus." - - - A recent study designed to test for intersite differences found that yield strains were approximately uniform within anatomic sites, with standard deviations on the order of one-tenth the mean value, but mean values could vary across sites" (Fig. 8.13). Thus, for analysis purposes, yield strains can be considered constant wiAin sites but heterogeneous across sites. Regardless of anatomic site, however, yield stains are higher in compression than in tension." Ultimate strains are typically in the range of 1.0 to 2.5 percent. Evidence from experiment on bovine bone indicates that yield strains are also isotropic - despite substantial anisotropy of modulus and strength. 

TABLE 8.4 Power-Law Regressions Between Modulus E (in MPa) and Apparent Density p (in g/cm ) for Human Trabecular Bone Specimens from a Range of Anatomic Sites... 

Linde, F., Hvid, I., and Pongsoipetch, B. (1989), Energy absmptive pitqtaties of human trabecular bone specimens during axial compression, J. Orthop. Res. 7(3) 432-439. 

Ciarelli, M. J., Goldstein, S. A., Kuhn, J. L., Chdy, D. D., and Brown, M. B. (1991), Evaluation of orthogonal mechanical properties and density of human trabecular bone from the major metaphyseal regions with materials testing and computed tomogr diy, J. Orthop. Res. 9(5) 674—682. 

Table A2.1 Typical wet apparent densities, moduli, and compressive strengths for human trabecular bone... 

Compressive loading of human trabecular bone specimens loaded at low strain rates (< 1.0/sec) and taken from a range of anatomic sites. Originally reported dry densities have been converted to wet densities, t Ultrasound was used to measure the elastic properties, ft Specimens oriented along femoral neck axis. 

Paschalis, E.P. et al. (2003) Distribution of collagen cross-links in normal human trabecular bone. /. Bone Miner Res., 18 (11), 1942-1946. 

Carretta, R. et al. (2013) Within subject heterogeneity in tissue-level post-yield mechanical and material properties in human trabecular bone. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 24, 64-73. 

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