Multi-ethnic

An inverse correlation between thyroid cancer risk and phytoestrogens was recently proposed as a result of a multi-ethnic population-based case control study conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area (Hom-Ross et al., 2002). In this study, dietary habits and phytoestrogen consumption were assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire and by a nutrient database. The outcome of the study was that soy-based foods and alfalfa sprouts were associated with a reduction of thyroid cancer risk, whereas a Western diet did not influence cancer risk. No difference was observed between American and Asian women or between pre- and postmenopausal women. Furthermore, among the few compounds examined, the isoflavones genistein and daidzein and the lignan secoisolariciresinol were the phytoestrogens most frequently associated with risk reduction (Horn-Ross et al., 2002). 

Nettleton and others (2008) characterized dietary patterns and their relation to incident type 2 diabetes in 5,011 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and found that high intake of whole grains, fruit, nuts/seeds, green leafy vegetables, and low-fat dairy was associated with a 15% lower diabetes risk. 

Nettleton JA, Steffen LM, Ni H, Liu K and Jacobs DR Jr. 2008. Dietary patterns and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Diabetes Care 31 (9) 1777—1782. 

Hawkins GA, Tantisira K, Meyers DA, et al. (2006) Sequence, haplotype and association analysis of ADR beta 2 in multi-ethnic asthma case/control subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 174, 1101-1109. 

How do we explain this difference from the fate of empires in Europe It was the task of nationalism to invent the new nation-states for the post-1945 world, but was this nationalism a different beast altogether from that of Europe Could we imagine nationalism in Europe sanctifying the multi-ethnic borders created by the Hapsburgs, Romanovs and Ottomans, as we do in Asia for the empires of British, Dutch, Spanish, French and Manchus If Asian nation-states were to perform this transformation from the immense variety and antiquity of their ethnic, political and civilisational forms, without fragmenting the leviathans of imperial construction, they would require a kind of magic—the imperial alchemy of my title. The base metal of empire would have to be transmuted into the gold of nationhood. 

Several studies support an association between self-reported sleep problems and climacteric symptoms [5, 7, 23, 41], An European study with over 5000 women reported an unambiguous correlation between insomnia and vasomotor symptoms [23], In a more resent study with 12 600 women of a multi-ethnic origin in the USA, an odds ratio for sleeping problems in women with climacteric symptoms was 2.0 compared to asymptomatic women [5],... 

Bild DE, Bluemke DA, Burke GL, et al. Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol 2002 156 871-881. 

Mukherjee S, Shukla S, Woodline J Misdiagnosis of schizophrenia in bipolar patients a multi-ethnic comparison. Am J Psychiatry 140 1571-1574,1983... 

Ajir K, Smith M, Lin KM, et al The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of adinazolam multi-ethnic comparisons. Psychopharmacology 129 265-270,1997... 

Chen YC, Chen YD, Li X, Post W, Herrington D, Polak JF, Rotter JI, Taylor KD (2009) The HMG-CoA reductase gene and lipid and lipoprotein levels the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Lipids 44 733-743... 

Kolonel, LN University of Hawaii at Manoa Biomarkers of prostate cancer risk in a multi ethnic cohort CRISP 2001... 

Nelson JC, Jiang XC, Tabas I, Tall A, Shea S. Plasma sphingomyelin and subclinical atherosclerosis findings from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 163(2006) 903-912. 

Jiang et al. [58] examined nut and seed consumption and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. This cross-sectional analysis included 6080 U.S. participants aged45-84 years. Nut and seed consumption was categorized as never/rare, less than once/week, one to four times per week, and five or more times/ week. Associations of nut and seed consumption with these biomarkers were not modified by BMI, waist to hip ratio, or race/ethnicity. Frequent nut and seed consumption was associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers, which may partially explain the inverse association of nut consumption with levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen. 

We declare Kosovo to be a democratic, secular and multi-ethnic republic, guided by the principles of non-discrimination and equal protection under the law. We shall protect and promote the rights of all communities in Kosovo and creation the conditions necessary for their effective participation in political and decision-making process. 

Uri Ra anan, State and Nation in Multi-ethnic Societies The Breakup of Multinational States (Manchester Manchester University Press, 1991). 

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is on the rise, in conjunction with rapidly increasing obesity rates (Haffner, 2006). A sample of 1276 multi-ethnic Canadians revealed that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Canada was 25.8% (Anand et al., 2003). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was highest in Native Americans (42%), followed by South Asians (26%), Europeans (22%) and Chinese (11%). The implications of having the metabolic syndrome are severe as it increases the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke by threefold compared with individuals with normal glucose tolerance (reviewed by Nugent, 2004). 

Wang, J., John, E.M., Hom-Ross, PL. and Ingles, S.A. 2008. Dietary fat, cooking fat, and breast cancer risk in a multi ethnic population. Nutr. Cancer 60 492-504. 

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