National Institutes of Health United States

This is a contribution from the Bioinorganic Chemistry Group, which was supported by grants from the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the United States National Institutes of Health (AM 17989). 

The United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) has stipulated seven ethical requirements to ensure that, before a trial begins, there is proper consideration of ethical issues and the trial subjects are protected. The essential tenet is that the potential exploitation of human subjects must be minimized and the risk-benefit ratio must be favorable. There are seven ethical requirements ... 

This work was supported by the United States National Institute of Health (GM 29198). 

This web site, a service of the United States National Institutes of Health, provides regularly updated information about federally and privately supported clinical research in human volunteers. ClinicalTrials.gov gives you information about a trial s purpose, who may participate, locations, and phone numbers for more details, http //www.clinicaltrials.gov. 

Molitoris B.Transitioning to therapy in ischemic acute renal failure. J Am Soc. Nephrol. 2003 14 265-267 US Renal Data System, USRDS 2006 Annual Data Report Atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda MD, 2006. 

The research work presented in this chapter was supported by United States Public Health Service grant GM43263 and United States National Institute of Health grant 1U54RR023506-01. This is an update and revision of the book chapter originally written by Jose F. Bernardo, Ramzi Sabra, Subhash J. Vyas and Robert A. Branch. 

EDTA has been reported to cause an artifactural fall in lipoprotein concentration of between three to five percent because of osmotic effects (United States National Institutes of Health NIH). 

I will ensure that Certificates of Confidentiality are requested from the [in the United States] National Institutes of Health to protect myself and my institution from being compelled to disclose confidential subject data, at the federal, state, or local level, to a court of law. 

A recent review of epidemiological studies covering 24 specific autoimmune diseases estimated that approximately 3% of the population in the United States suffers from an autoimmune disease (Jacobson et al., 1997). This estimate is likely to be low, as for many diseases our knowledge of basic epidemiology is quite limited or based on studies conducted 30 or more years ago, and some diseases (e.g. psoriasis) were not included in this summary. A revised estimate of the prevalence of autoimmune diseases presented in a recent report of the United States National Institutes of Health (2000) is 5-8%. Comparable figures for other countries are not available. 

United States National Institutes of Health (2000) Report of the Autoimmune Diseases Coordinating Committee. Bethesda, Maryland, United States Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, October (http //www.niaid.nih.gov/dait/pdf/ adccrev.pdf). 

Cocaine abuse continues to be a major public health concern in the United States (National Institutes of Health, 1996). A current goal of preclinical research has been to characterize the neurobiological and pharmacological determinants of cocaine s high abuse potential and to develop drugs that could be used in the treatment of cocaine abuse. One approach to develop such drugs has been the observation that cocaine blocks the reuptake of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) (Koe, 1976 Taylor and Ho,... 

John S. Blanchard received his BS in chemistry from Lake Forest College and obtained his Ph.D. from the laboratory of W. W. Cleland at the University of Wisconsin. After a 3-year NIH-sponsored postdoctoral fellowship, he was appointed assistant professor of biochemistry at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City in 1983. In 1998, he became the Dan Danciger Professor of Biochemistry. His early research interests focused on the determination of kinetic isotope effects exhibited by flavin-containing enzymes. His collaborative studies on the mechanism of action, and resistance, to isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis led to his current interests in antibiotic resistance. His present interests include the structure and function of essential biosynthetic enzymes in M. tuberculosis, resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, and proteome-wide identification of acetylated proteins. He is the author of over 140 research papers and 20 reviews and has been awarded seven United States patents. His work has been generously supported by the United States National Institutes of Health for the last 24 years. 

I would like to thank Mary Ann Tacha, Karen Jessup and the staff of the Department of Physiology and Biophysics for their help in preparing the manuscript. Some of the work reported here was supported by a grant from the United States National Institutes of Health HL23183 and the author is a recipient of an NIH Research Career Development Award. 

Table 1 shows high ranking matches with the various Dsz enzyme sequences from Rhodococcus IGTS8 and proteins sequences contained in the GenBank CDS translations, PDB, SwissProt, PIR, and PRF protein databases using the Blast algorithm [available at the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) NCBI web site (64,65)]. All of the Dsz proteins have significant matches with proteins other than those known to be involved with desulfurization. 

Acknowledgments. We thank Stephanie Tribuna for help in preparing the manuscript and John F. Keaney for critical reading of the manuscript. The work in B.F. s laboratory is supported by the United States National Institutes of Health (Grants HL-49954 and ES-06593) and the Council for Tobacco Research, U.S.A., Inc. (Grant 3412). 

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