National security state

See Daniel Yergin, Shattered Peace The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State (London, 1978) and Thomas Paterson, Meeting the Communist Threat (Oxford, 1988). Dean Rusk, American Friendship for the Peoples of China, speech at the China Institute, New York, 18 May 1951, Documents in American Foreign Relations [AFP] 1950-5, II, PP- 2.473-4-... 

A Cross of Iron Harry S. Truman and the Origins of the National Security State, ip4j-iyj4. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1998. 

Yergin, Daniel. Shattered Peace The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State. London Andre Deutsch, 1978. 

As stated previously, traceability is fundamental to establishing and eliminating the root cause of nonconforming product and therefore it should be mandatory in view of the requirements for Corrective Action. Providing traceability can be an onerous task. Some applications require products to be traced back to the original ingot from which they were produced. In situations of safety or national security it is necessary to identify product in such a manner because if a product is used in a critical application and subsequently found defective, it may be necessary to track down all other products of the same batch and eliminate them before there is a disaster. It happens in product recall situations. It is also very important in the automobile and food industries in fact, any industry where human life may be at risk due to a defective product being in circulation. 

FIGURE 6.1 The United States is becoming ever more dependent on foreign sources of oil and minerals. The top graph displays trends in U.S. production and consumption of petroleum feedstocks from 1970 to 2000. It shows the growing contribution of imported oil to U.S. consumption, a contribution that is projected to increase rapidly in the 1990s. The bottom table shows that the United States depended in 1985 on foreign suppliers for 20 minerals and metals, some of which are critical to national security. Courtesy, Chevron Oil Company (top) and the U.S. Bureau of Mines (bottom). 

Simons An electrochemical method for fluorinating organic compounds. First developed by J. H. Simons at Pennsylvania State College in 1941 but not announced until 1948 for reasons of national security. A direct current is passed through a solution of an organic compound in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid hydrogen is evolved at the cathode and the organic material is fluorinated at the anode. 

With the spread of information and the desperation for hard currency of some of the state sponsors of terrorism, as well as the changing national security environment, it is possible that terrorists may build or acquire CBRN in the future. 

Bolton s opinion was bolstered in June 2005 by Senator Richard Lu-gar s survey of 85 non-proliferation and national security analysts from the United States and other nations. It was designed in part to characterize the risks related to the terrorist use of CBRN. The survey revealed that experts believe the probability of an attack somewhere in the world with a CBRN weapon was 50% over the next five years and 70% over the next ten. An attack with a radiological weapon was seen as the most probable with the likelihood of an attack with a nuclear or biological weapon considered about half as plausible [37]. The average probability of a nuclear attack in the next ten years was nearly 30%, with experts almost evenly divided between terrorist acquisitions of a working nuclear weapon versus self-construction [37]. The average risk estimate over ten years for major chemical and biological attacks was 20%. Senator Lu-gar concluded The bottom line is this for the foreseeable future, the United States and other nations will face an existential threat from the intersection of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. ... 

Another role for polymer film and surfaces in the world to come is already firmly founded in the notion of modern thin film and integrated electronic circuitry. The era of solid state electronics determines nowadays our use of automata and other elements of highest productivity in international economy, as well being increasing factors in science, eduction, and national security. These capabilities are now primarily embodied in micro circuits, whose integrated form is made directly on single crystal surfaces of silicon or similar semiconductor. 

Economics alone make this probable, for the present industrial applications of integrated circuitry and solid state electronics derived from the original transistor and solid state science now contribute 100 billions per year to the gross national product directly. Further, many elements of our national security depend on the use of these communication and information processing systems in every phase of command, control and weaponry. 

Stephen Sloan, If There is a "Fog of War", There is Probably a More Dense "Smog of Terrorism", in Terrorism National Security Policy and the Home Front, Strategic Studies Institute, United States Army War College (1995), p. 51. 

UNSCR UNSCOM USAAF WMD United Nations Security Council Resolution United Nations Special Commission United States Army Air Force Weapons of Mass Destruction... 

Traditional GC/MS analysis and data processing could reveal the identity of chemicals that are not related to the purpose of the inspection. Under certain circumstances this may not be acceptable for the inspected State Party (ISP) because the information may be considered as confidential for business or for national security reasons. 

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