Multi-well

Microwave-assisted solid-phase parallel synthesis has also been reported using multi-well filter-bottom polypropylene plates [45,155]. However, it should be mentioned that the thermal instability of the polypropylene plates is a limitation of this setup. In addition, uneven heating across the plate results in higher temperatures (AT 10-20 °C) being observed at the center of the plate than at the edges. 

Urban, J.F. Jr and Douvres, F.W. (1981) In vitro development of Ascaris suum from third- to fourth-stage larvae and detection of metabolic antigens in multi-well culture systems. Journal of Parasitology 67, 800-806. 

T. Sakata and Y. Miyahara, Detection of DNA recognition events using multi-well field effect devices. Biosens. Bioelectron. 21, 827-832 (2005). 

EIA systems take advantage of the extreme specificity and affinity with which antibodies bind antigens which stimulated their initial production, coupled to the catalytic efficiency of enzymes, which facilitates signal amplification as well as straightforward detection and quantification. In most such systems, the antibody is immobilized on the internal walls of the wells in a multi-well microtitre plate, which therefore serves as collection of reaction mini-test tubes. 

For polymers with achiral substituents, molecular mechanics calculations (Discover 3, ver. 4.00 simple minimization) by us of potential energy as a function of dihedral angle afforded symmetrical multi-well-potential curves, with nonminimum 180° values, as shown in Figures 4.37a and 4.37b for H-(Ph2Si)3o-H and H-[(/7-n-BuPh)2Si]30-H, respectively. 

A second strategy relies on parallel experimentation. In this case, the same experimental step is performed over n samples in n separated vessels at the same time. Robotic equipment such as automated liquid-handlers, multi-well reactors and auto-samplers for the analysis are used to perform the repetitive tasks in parallel. This automated equipment often works in a serial fashion as, for example, a liquid handler with a single dispensing syringe filling the wells of a microtiter plate, one after another. However, the chemical formation of the catalyst or the catalytic reaction are run at the same time, assuming that their rate is slow compared to the time needed to add all the components. The whole process appears parallel for the human user whose intervention is reduced. 

Mavor, M.J., Gunter, W.D., Robinson, J.R. 2004. Alberta multi-well micro-pilot testing for CBM properties, enhanced coalbed methane recovery and C02 storage potential. Paper SPE 90256, presented at SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas. 

The model immunoassay is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in which a non-specific capture antibody is bound to a surface, such as a multi-well plate or small tube [13]. In the basic form of ELISA, a second antibody tagged with an enzyme interacts specifically with the analyte. The enzyme assay produces a colored product that is read with a spectrophotometer. There are many variations on the basic immunoassay format that serve to increase sensitivity, specificity, linear range, and speed. Many commercial instruments have been developed to take advantage of various technologies for reporter molecules. The immunoassay may be coupled to an electronic sensor and transducer, such as a surface acoustical wave (SAW) sensor. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a method in which the detector antibody is tagged with a ruthenium-containing chelate [13-15]. When the tag is... 

Charybdis Technologies. In the Calypso Reaction Block , multi-well reaetion arrays are designed for both solution and solid-phase synthesis applications. Well volumes range from 2 to 10 mL, pressures up to 207 kPa (30 psi), and temperatures from —80 to +180°C. 

Willingham, M. C. and Pastan, I. (1990) A reversible multi-well chamber for incubation of cnltnred cells with small volumes application to screening of hybridoma fusions nsing immnnoflnorescence microscopy. Biotechniques 8, 320-324. 

The hydrothermal synthesis system for secondary scale screening is based on multi-well-tumbled autoclaves modules [49]. Each module contains 16 PTFE vials each vial has an internal volume of 7 mL. The reactors can operate up to 200 °C. Many chemical and physical factors can affect the final hydrothermal synthesis outcome, making it a good application for high-throughput methods. In addition to the gel ingredients, these factors include the order of reagent addition, gel mix-... 

The study of oxygen diffusion in oxides with mixed-valence 3d-ions presents great interest both in theoretical and practical terms. Such systems with Jahn-Teller (JT) 3d-cations are suitable model objects for analysis of the diffusion process in degenerate or pseudo-degenerate condensed systems. The mechanism of multi-well potential formation has been explored well for JT ions [1,2] and it is possible to give a simple microscopic description of the inter-center interactions and different properties of these systems. The practical interest paid to diffusion properties of the... 

The mini multi-well batch reactors presented by Desrosiers et al. [45] (Figure 3.12) were applied to the direct amination of benzene to aniline. The screening reactor... 

The choice of cell culture method for cytotoxicity studies for a certain substance depends on the target cells and assay duration. Organ, spheroids, suspension cells, flask surface, and multi-well plate monolayers, as well as agar surface cultures can be employed. 

Multi well chemotaxis chamber and an accessory pack containing clips and a wiper blade (Neuro Probe AP48 and P48AP, respectively). 

To assay a chemokine ligand for migratory activity, prepare a series of dilutions of the chemokine to be tested in chemotaxis medium. Place in triplicate in the bottom wells of the multi-well microchemotaxis chamber. Typically, 24- and 48-well microchemotaxis chambers are available for these assays. 

Multi-well modified Boyden chambers can be obtained from Neuro Probe Inc. (Gaithersburg, MD). Model AP48 has been widely used for endothelial cell chemotaxis assays. The apparatus consists of top and bottom acrylic plates, a silicon gasket and assembly screws. The bottom plate has 48 wells, each with 25 pL final volume. These correspond to holes on the top plate, and form the upper wells when the chamber is assembled. The filter (polycarbonate, 25 x 80 mm) is placed between the top and bottom plates, and a gasket is placed over the filter to create the seal. The apparatus can be purchased with a selection of accessories, such as curved forceps, filter clamps, and wipers. These are required to process the filters after use. Filters can also be obtained from Nucleopore Inc. (Pleasanton, CA) and Costar (Cambridge, MA). 

Clear, sterile, tissue culture treated multi-well plates (6-well, 12-well, or 24-well, etc.)... 

Cell plating. Twenty-four hours prior to transfection, seed cells into a clear tissue culture multi-well plate at 150 cclls/pL according to Table 1. 

Harvath, L., Falk, W., and Leonard, E. J. (1980) Rapid quantitation of neutrophil chemotaxis use of a polyvinylpyrrolidone-free polycarbonate membrane in a multi well assembly. J Immunol Methods 37,39-45 9 Van Epps, D. E., and Chennoweth, D. E. (1984) Analysis of the binding of fluorescent C5a and C3a to human peripheral blood leukocytes. J. Immunol 132, 2862-2867. 

Hahn, M.E., B.L. Woodward, J.J. Stegeman and S.W. Kennedy. Rapid assessment of induced cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein and catalytic activity in fish hepatoma cells grown in multi-well plates response to TCDD, TCDF and planar PCBs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15 582-591, 1996. 

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