Ascaris suum

Ho NFH, DP Thompson, TG Geary, TJ Raub, CL Barsuhn. (1990). Biophysical transport properties of the cuticle of Ascaris suum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 41 153-166. 

Fig. 1.3. (Opposite) COI genes of strongylid and other nematodes. Aligned COI sequences (from Sukhdeo etal., 1997 (where each is designated by the GenBank accession number), except for Ascaris suum ASCOI and C. elegans CECOI which are from Okimoto et al. (1992), O. volvulus COI which is from Keddie etal. (1998) and B. malayiCO sequence which is unpublished data of the author) were analysed using maximum parsimony and neighbour joining.

Okimoto, R., MacFarlane, J.L., Clary, D.O. and Wolstenholme, D.R. (1992) The mitochondrial genomes of two nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans and Ascaris suum. Genetics 130, 471-498. 

Powers, T.O., Harris, T.S. and Hyman, B.C. (1993) Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence among Meloidogyne incognita, Romanomermis culcivorax, Ascaris suum and Caenorhabditis elegans. Journal of Nematology 25, 564—572. 

Bisoffi, M., Marti, S. and Betschart, B. (1996) Repetitive peptide motifs in the cuticlin of Ascaris suum. Mokcubr and Biochemical Parasitobgy 80, 55-64. 

Fetterer, R.H., Rhoads, M.L. and Urban, J.F. (1993) Synthesis of tyrosine-derived cross-links in Ascaris suum cuticular proteins. Journal of Parasitology 79,160-166. 

Kingston, B.I., Wainwright, S.M. and Cooper, D. (1989) Comparison of collagen gene-sequences in Ascaris suum and Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 37, 137-146. 

Justus, D. and Ivey, M. (1969) Chitinase activity in developmental stages of Ascaris suum and its inhibition by antibody. Journal of Parasitology 55, 472-476. 

Ward, K. and Fairbairn, D. (1972) Chitinase in developing eggs of Ascaris suum (Nematoda). Journal of Parasitology 58, 546-549. 

Ferguson, D.L., Rhodes, M.B., Marsh, C.L. and Payne, L.C. (1969) Resistance of immunised animals to infection by the larvae of the large roundworm of swine (Ascaris suum). Federation Proceedings 28, 497. 

Metabolic Transitions and the Role of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex During Development of Ascaris suum... 

The parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum, undergoes a number of well-characterized metabolic transitions during its development (Table 14.1), but little is known about the regulation of these events (Barrett, 1976 Komuniecki and Komuniecki, 1995). Adults reside in the porcine small intestine and fertilization takes place under low oxygen tensions. The unembryonated egg that leaves the host is metabolically quiescent, has no detectable cytochrome oxidase activity or ubiquinone and appears to be transcriptionally inactive (Cleavinger et al., 1989 Takamiya et al., 1993). Embryonation requires oxygen and after about 48-72 h is accompanied by... 

Table 14.1. Metabolic transitions during the development of Ascaris suum.

Fig. 14.1. Role ofthe pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) during aerobic/ anaerobic transitions in the development of Ascaris suum. PDC, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex AD, acyl CoA dehydrogenase ER, enoyl CoA reductase FR, fumarate reductase SDH, succinate dehydrogenase.

Chen, W., Huang, X., Komuniecki, P.R. and Komuniecki, R. (1998) Molecular cloning, functional expression, and characterization of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase from anaerobic muscle of the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 353, 181-189. 

Douvres, F.W. and Tromba, F.G. (1971) Comparative development of Ascaris suum in rabbits, guinea pigs, mice, and swine in 11 days. Proceedings of The Helminthological Society of Washington 38, 246-252. 

Duran, E., Komuniecki, R.W., Komuniecki, P.R., Wheelock, M.J., Klingbeil, M.M., Ma, Y.C. and Johnson, K.R. (1993) Characterization of cDNA clones for the 2-methyl branched-chain enoyl-CoA reductase. An enzyme involved in branched-chain fatty acid synthesis in anaerobic mitochondria of the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 22391—22396. 

Furushima, R., Kita, K., Takamiya, S., Konishi, K., Aoki, T. and Oya, H. (1990) Structural studies on three flavin-interacting regions of the flavoprotein subunit of complex II in Ascaris suum mitochondria. FEBS Letters 263, 325-328. 

Geenen, P.L., Bresciani, J., Boes, J., Pederson, A., Erickson, L., Fagerholm, H.-P. and Nansen, P. (1999) The morphogenesis of Ascaris suum to the infective third-stage larvae within the egg. Journal of Parasitology 85, 616-622. 

Huang, Y.J. and Komuniecki, R. (1997) Cloning and characterization of a putative testis-specific pyruvate dehydrogenase beta subunit from the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 90, 391-394. 

Huang, YJ., Walker, D., Chen, W., Klingbeil, M. and Komuniecki, R. (1998b) Expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase isoforms during the aerobic/anaerobic transition in the development of the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum altered stoichiometry of phosphorylation/inactivation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 352, 263-270. 

Kita, K. (1992) Electron-transfer complexes of mitochondria in Ascaris suum. Parasitology Today 8,155—159. 

Klingbeil, M.M., Walker, D.J., Arnette, R., Sidawy, E., Hayton, K, Komuniecki, P.R. and Komuniecki, R. (1996) Identification of a novel dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase-binding protein in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of the anaerobic parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, 5451-5457. 

Komuniecki, P.R. and Vanover, L. (1987) Biochemical changes during the aerobic-anaerobic transition in Ascaris suum larvae. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 22, 241-248. 

Murrell, K.D., Eriksen, L., Nansen, P., Slotved, H.C. and Rasmussen, T. (1997) Ascaris suum a revision of its early migratory path and implications for human ascariasis. Journal of Parasitolog 83, 255-260. 

Rioux, A. and Komuniecki, R. (1984) 2-Methylvalerate formation in mitochondria of Ascaris suum and its relationship to anaerobic energy generation. Journal of Comparative Physiology 154, 349-354. 

Saruta, F., Kuramochi, T., Nakamura, K, Takamiya, S., Yu, Y., Aoki, T., Sekimizu, K., Kojima, S. and Kita, K. (1995) Stage-specific isoforms of complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) in mitochondria from the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 928-932. 

Saz, H.J., Lescure, O.L. and Bueding, E. (1968) Biochemical observations of Ascaris suum lung-stage larvae. Journal of Parasitology 54, 457 161. 

Thissen, J., Desai, S., McCartney, P. and Komuniecki, R. (1986) Improved purification of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Ascaris suum body wall muscle and characterization of PDHa kinase activity. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 21, 129-138. 

Urban, J.F. Jr and Douvres, F.W. (1981) In vitro development of Ascaris suum from third- to fourth-stage larvae and detection of metabolic antigens in multi-well culture systems. Journal of Parasitology 67, 800-806. 

Vanover, L. and Komuniecki, P.R. (1989) Effect of gas phase on carbohydrate metabolism of Ascaris suum larvae. Molecular Biochemical Parasitology 36, 29-40. 

Kennedy, M.W., Qureshi, F., Fraser, E.M., Haswell-Elkins, M.R., Elkins, D.B. and Smith, H.V. (1989) Antigenic relationships between the surface-exposed, secreted and somatic materials of the nematode parasites Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris suum and Toxocara canis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 75, 493-500. 

Lochnit, G., Dennis, R.D., Zahringer, U. and Geyer, R. (1997) Structural analysis of neutral glycosphingolipids from Ascaris suum adults (Nematoda Ascaridida). Gly co conjugate Journal 14, 389-399. 

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