Modifier effectiveness

Between the emission of greenhouse gases and change in the climate are a range of climate and biological cycles that can influence the end result. Such outcome-modifier effects are called feedbacks or indirect effects in the climate change literature. 

Energy is considered to be a well-functioning market because it satisfies these criteria. The existence of such a market has a significant modifying effect on short-term price volatility, and will temper the impact of any future disruptions such as those that occurred in the pre-futures market 1970s. However, even a well-functioning futures market cannot be... 

Fahing et al. [24] studied the modifier effects in the supercritical fluid extraction of organics from soils and clays. Swelling experiments showed that unmodified carbon dioxide did not cause swelling of the soil whereas carbon dioxide modified with water did cause rapid swelling of soil, thereby facilitating extraction of the organics. 

Generally, clay mineral content was the most important factor determining K selectivity in soil, with weathering, fertilizers and organic residues affecting selectivity through their modifying effects on mineral surfaces. 

Brem H, Stein AB, Rosenkranz HS. 1974a. The mutagenicity and DNA-modifying effect of haloalkanes. Cancer Res 34 2576-2579. 

Bingbam E, Falk HL Environmental carcinogens. The modifying effect of cocarcinogens on the threshold response. Arch Environ Health 19 779, 1969... 

Kyriazis AP, Yagoda A, Kereiakes JG. Experimental studies on the radiation-modifying effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP) in human bladder transitional cell carcinomas grown in nude mice. Cancer 1983 52 452-457. 

BCAH refer to as the modified effective friction tensor, which they denote by the symbol i p. (See p. 188 of Ref. 4 for a table of these and related definitions.)... 

Trihexyphenidyl and biperiden have strong central and peripheral anticholinergic activity and both idiopathic as well as drug-induced Parkinsonism can be an indication for their use. Especially the tremor of Parkinsonism is favorably influenced. Large doses of trihexyphenidyl are said to have a mood modifying effect. The existence of a parenteral dosage forms of biperiden extends the applications of this agent. Both have a duration of action of 6-12 hours. 

Below, the effective binary approach and the concentration-based diffusivity matrix are introduced. The modified effective binary approach (Zhang, 1993) has not been followed up. The approach using the activity-based diffusivity matrix, similar to activity-based diffusivity T> (Equations 3-61 and 3-62), is probably the best approach, but such diffusivities require systematic effort to obtain. 

Despite the various drawbacks, the effective binary approach is still widely used and will be widely applied to natural systems in the near future because of the difficulties of better approaches. For major components in a silicate melt, it is possible that multicomponent diffusivity matrices will be obtained as a function of temperature and melt composition in the not too distant future. For trace components, the effective binary approach (or the modified effective binary approach in the next section) will likely continue for a long time. The effective binary diffusion approach may be used under the following conditions (but is not limited to these conditions) with consistent and reliable results (Cooper, 1968) ... 

Zhang (1993) proposed the modified effective binary approach (also called activity-based effective binary approach). In this approach, the diffusive flux of a component is related to its activity gradient and all other components are treated as one combined component. The diffusive flux for any component i is expressed as (by analogy with Equation 3-61)... 

In principle, the diffusion matrix approach can be extended to trace elements. My assessment, however, is that in the near future diffusion matrix involving 50 diffusing components will not be possible. Hence, simple treatment will still have to be used to roughly understand the diffusion behavior of trace elements the effective binary diffusion model to handle monotonic profiles, the modified effective binary diffusion model to handle uphill diffusion, or some combination of the diffusion matrix and effective binary diffusion model. 

To quantify the diffusion profiles is a difficult multicomponent problem. The activity-based effective binary diffusion approach (i.e. modified effective binary approach) has been adopted to roughly treat the problem. In this approach. 

A modified effective binary diffusion model. /. Geophys. Res. 98, 11901-... 

Taste-modifying effect. Water extract of the dried rhizome, administered intragastri-cally to male rats at a dose of 50 mg/mL, increased activity of vagal gastric nerve. The extract also blocked the suppression of vagal gastric nerve activity induced by Pinellia ternata ° b... 

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