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Direct and indirect effects of genetically modified plants on the honey bee

Pham-Delegue, Lise Jouanin, andJ.C. Sandoz [Pg.312]

In this chapter, we focus on the effects of whole plants on the behavior of honey bees. We also investigate the risk of direct exposure to the transgene products in the nectar and/or pollen of GM plants, and the possible changes in the secondary metabolism of the plants (nectar quality, floral volatile composition). [Pg.313]

Direct and indirect effects of genetically modified plants on the honey bee... [Pg.312]

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Bees

Direct effects

Directing effect

Directional effect

Directive effects

Effect of genetics

Genetically modified

Genetics plant

Honey bees

Honeyed

Indirect effects

Modifier effectiveness

Modifier effects

On plant

Plants effects

Plants, genetically modified

The Directive