Model assessments

Frost, R. W. (1987). Grazing control of phytoplankton stock in the open subarctic Pacific ocean a model assessing the role of mesozooplankton, particularly the large calanoid copepods Neocalanus spp. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 39, 49-68. 

FUatyev, S.A., J.F. Driscoll, C.D. Carter, J.M. Donbar, Measured properties of turbulent premixed flames for model assessment, including burning velocities, stretch rates, and surface densities. Combust Flame, 2005. 141(1-2) 1-21. 

Figure 8.16 (a) Cyclic voltammetry for Pt(lll)-nPd deposited in UHV and in 0.05 M H2SO4 with 50mV/s. (b-e) corresponding LIES spectra after wML Pd deposition (0 < n < 1) He energy = 1 keV. (e) Ball models assessed from the in situ SXS analysis. 

There are many models for assessing risks to human health and/or the environment. Some of them are multimedia models, which assess the exposure and risks in different environmental matrices, such as soil, air, water, and food chains with different degrees of complexity within each medium. Conversely, others are more specific with regard to a medium or a system (e.g., river or food chain). Other models assess only human health risks or environmental risks, while some assess both risks. Based on the type of scenario that is studied, an appropriate model will be chosen. 

X-Ray diffraction data have been used to study the aromaticity of complex quinolizinium systems, such as the acenaphtho[4,5-c]quinolizinium derivative 36. The rings connected to the molecule by single C-C bonds are more aromatic than those connected by more links as indicated by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) aromaticity index <1992AXC2238>. 

Malanchuk, J.L. and H.P. Kollig. 1985. Effects of atrazine on aquatic ecosystems a physical and mathematical modeling assessment. Pages 212-224 in T.P. Boyle (ed.). Validation and Predictability of Laboratory Methods for Assessing the Fate and Effects of Contaminants in Aquatic Ecosystems. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. 865. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. 

Cooper, D., D. C. Jackson, and B. E. Launder (1993a). Impinging jet studies for turbulence model assessment - I. Flow-field experiments. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 36, 2675-2684. 

Haimes, Y. Y. 2004. Risk modeling, assessment, and management. 2nd ed. New York Wiley. 

In the first model, the mnneling electron mainly interacts with the electronic polarization of water ( = 1.88) since tunneling was assumed to be fast in comparison with the orientational response of the dipolar molecules of the liquid. Considering water as a dielectric continuum between a jellium spherical tip and planar substrate yields an effective barrier for tunneling that is about 1 eV lower than that for the vacuum case [95]. This result is consistent with photoemission studies of metal/aqueous interfaces, which reveal electron emission into water at 1 eV below the vacuum level [95-97]. Similar models have been employed to examine the effect of thermal fluctuations on the tunneling current [98-100]. Likewise, a related model assessing the noise associated with the reorientation of adsorbed molecules has been presented [101]. 

Haimes, Y. (1998) Risk Modeling, Assessment, and Management. New York, John Wiley and Sons. 

Direct numerical simulation is expected to play a more dominant role for analytical treatment of turbulent flames. In addition to capturing physical phenomena, the authors feel that a very powerful role of DNS is its capability for model validations. In fact, in most of our modeling activities, DNS has been the primary means of verifying specific assumptions and/or approximations. This is partially due to difficulties in laboratory measurements of some of the correlations and also in setting configurations suitable for model assessments. Of course, the overall evaluation of the final form of the model requires the use of laboratory data for flows in which all of the complexities are present. 

Boucher, O., and T. L. Anderson, General Circulation Model Assessment of the Sensitivity of Direct Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Sulfate Aerosols to Aerosol Size and Chemistry, ]. Geophys. Res., 100, 26117-26134 (1995). 

Compare modeling predictions with the experimental data shown in Fig. 14.11, assuming plug flow. Evaluate how well the the model describes methane oxidation under these conditions. Using the model, assess whether addition of hydrogen may enhance methanol selectivity. 

Saarikoski S, Sillanpaa M, Sofiev M, Timonen H, Saamio K, Teinila K, Karppinen A, Kukkonen J, Hillamo R (2007) Chemical composition of aerosols during a major biomass burning episode over northern Europe in spring 2006 experimental and modelling assessments. Atmos Environ 41 3577-3589... 

Production Peaks, Depletion Signals [2] Lynch, M.C. Petroleum Resources Pessimism Debunked in Hubbert Model and Hubbert Modelers Assessment. Oil and Gas Journal, July 14, 2003 [3],... 

Nagasaka S, Aiso Y, Yoshiwaza K, Ishibashi S. Comparison of pioglitazone and metformin efficacy using homeostasis model assessment. Diabetic Med 2004 21 136 1. 

The homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) can be calculated with the following formula ... 

Clays are generally considered to be effective barriers for flow of water and solutes due to their low permeability and high ion adsorption capacity. However, as environmental criteria for the emission of contaminants and water from clay barriers become increasingly stringent, it is crucial to be aware of all relevant driving forces and fluxes and to take them into account in model assessments. In this respect the processes of chemical and electro-osmosis may not be neglected in clayey materials of hydraulic conductivity < 10-9 m/s [7], At these low conductivities the surface charge of the clay particles and the counter-ion accumulation in diffuse double layers enable explanation and quantification of osmotic processes and semi-permeability in clays [1],... 

The composition of poplar wood was usedasamodel for the feedstock composition however, as used in this simulation, the poplar is modeled as consisting of only cellulose, xylan, and lignin, with compositions of 49.47, 27.26, and 23.27%, respectively. Laboratory results for carbonic acid pretreatment are relatively scarce, so for the purpose of this comparative study, stoichiometry of pretreatment reactions was assumed to be equal to those used in the comparison model (3) cellulose conversion to glucose 6.5% xylan conversion to xylose 75 and lignins solubilized 5%. Thus, economic comparisons made with this model assess different equipment and operating costs but not product yields. For the successful convergence of the carbonic acid model, the simulation required initial specification of several variables. These variables included initial estimates for stream variables and inputs for the unit operation blocks. 

Mizuma T, Tsuji A, Hayashi M. Does the well-stirred model assess the intestinal first-pass effect well J Pharm Pharmacol 2004 56(12) 1597-1599. 

CATABOL is a knowledge-based expert system for the prediction of biotransformation pathways. It works in tandem with a probabilistic model that calculates the probabilities of the individual transformations and overall biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and extent of C02 production (Jaworska et al., 2002). The model assesses biodegradation based on the entire pathway and not,... 

Cheating in model assessment using the whole training set to select descriptors, and then splitting the data into train and test sets, and training the model on the descriptor set selected from the whole training set. 

Confusion of model selection with model assessment. If one chooses the model with the lowest cross-validated error among competing models, that error is not a valid estimate of the prediction error of that model (selection bias). 

Kawamata, J. and Melby, E.C. (Eds) (1987). Animal Models Assessing the Scope of Their Use in Biomedical Research Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, Vol. 229 (New York Alan R.Liss). 

Most models assessing the long-term behaviour of Cs and Sr from fallout include processes relevant to LMM ionic species only. However, radionuclides may be associated with particles due to (a) release of fuel matrix or clusters, (b) condensation of volatiles on available particle surfaces after the release of (c) interactions with aerosol particulates during atmospheric transport. For volatile radionuclides (e.g., Cs, °Sr), all three mechanisms may be equally relevant, while the deposition of nuclides of refractory elements (e.g., " Ce, Nb, Zr) indicates the release of fuel particles. For fuel particles, depletion of volatiles relative to refractory elements would be expected to depend on the temperature reached during the releases, whereas the activity ratios for refractory elements should reflect the reactor fuel bum-up. 

---