Multimedia models chemical risk assessment

The Role of Multimedia Fate Models in Chemical Risk Assessment... 

After a short review of the three classes of fate models for transformation products, the chapter will focus on multispecies multimedia models because of their general applicability to various tasks in chemical risk assessment and quality assessment of aquatic and terrestrial resources. Moreover, as will be detailed later, the data situation for transformation products, regarding both monitoring as well as chemical property data, is often such that the use of more complex, data-intensive models is neither warranted nor would it improve the accuracy of the predictions. The chapter will introduce the mathematical... 

On July 18, 2000, the Agency released HWIR-waste exemption levels for 36 chemicals that were developed using a risk model known as the Multimedia, Multi-pathway and Multi-receptor Risk Assessment (3MRA) Model.17 The May 16, 2001, HWIR-waste rule revised and retained the hazardous waste mixture and derived-from rules as previously discussed in this module. In addition, the rule finalized provisions that conditionally exempt mixed waste (waste that is both radioactive and hazardous), if the mixed waste meets certain conditions in the rule.5... 

FUN tool is a new integrated software based on a multimedia model, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models and associated databases. The tool is a dynamic integrated model and is capable of assessing the human exposure to chemical substances via multiple exposure pathways and the potential health risks (Fig. 9) [70]. 2-FUN tool has been developed in the framework of the European project called 2-FUN (Full-chain and UNcertainty Approaches for Assessing Health Risks in FUture ENvironmental Scenarios www.2-fun.org). 

Indeed, OCPs, once released into the environment, are distributed into various environmental compartments (e.g., water, soil, and biota) as a result of complex physical, chemical, and biological processes. In order to perform appropriate exposure and risk assessment analyses, multimedia models of pollutant partitioning in the environment have been developed. Properties which are at the base of such a partitioning are water solubility (WS), octanol-water partition coefficient (Ko ), soil adsorption (K ), and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) in aquatic organisms, following these four equilibriums ... 

An evaluation of the utility of these multimedia models has noted that they provide an effective mechanism of ranking chemicals, both new and existing. The environmental data derived from the models can provide a basis for developing a first-cut risk assessment and baselines for assessing the risk from hazardous waste sites. Since the data input is not overwhelming and the numerical manipulations straightforward, the models provide a cheap and rapid way to evaluate the... 

The BUSES model was developed to support the risk assessment of chemicals under various regulations. BUSES is a spreadsheet-based tool that incorporates SimpleBox, a multimedia fate model, and SimpleTreat, which simulates the distribution and elimination of chemicals in sewage freafment plants. The model estimates the concentrations of a substance in air, water, soil, and sediment at local and regional scales. It simulates the steady-state transport of chemicals between media and scales, and removal of the chemical by degradation and some "disappearance processes" (e.g., leaching to the groundwater, which is not then modeled) [106,107]. 

Techniques for assessing multisource risk (6) multimedia multiscale systems modeling (5) understanding natural environmental processes (3) control of chemical transformation (3) modeling of episodic events in the climate and environment (1) genetic and proteomic markers... 

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