Mixed solids

In the laboratory, bromine is prepared by oxidation of bromide ion the oxidation is carried out by mixing solid potassium bromide with manganese(IV) oxide and distilling with concentrated sulphuric acid ... 

Combinatorial chemistry has significantly increased the nurnjjers of molecules that can be synthesised in a modern chemical laboratory. The classic approach to combinatorial synthesis involves the use of a solid support (e.g. polystyrene beads) together with a scheme called split-mix. Solid-phase chemistry is particularly appealing because it permits excess reagent to be used, so ensuring that the reaction proceeds to completion. The excess... 

Pumping of liquids. Compression of gases Mixing (solids, liquids, gases possibly multiphase) Atomization, dispersion... 

This makes a mix with a viscosity of 5000-7000 centipoise. The total mix solids are 40% and the resin solids in the mix are 26%. A mix like this would be used on Douglas fir veneer at the rate of about 55 pounds per 1000 square feet of veneer surface (double glue line basis). The 43% solids resin would be used at about 500 cps viscosity. 

Pb or Ba dioxides 1% finely pulverized Cu 2% an extremely brisant expl. (d) Brisant expls were prepd by mixing solid or liq N.S.N. with PA in all proportions, (e) Gelantinous, dough-like expls can be prepd by dissolving 6p of collodion cotton in 94p of oily N.S.N., preheated to 100°. (f) By incorporating, with warming, 30—40% of AN plus flour into the above mixt (e), a solid mass is obtained which may be pulverized and used in lieu of Dynamites Refs 1) G. Schultz F. Gehr, USP 894707 (1906) 2) C. Distier, E. Blecher C. Lopez,... 

Hicks (H6) and Frazer and Hicks (F3) considered the ignition model in which exothermic, exponentially temperature-dependent reactions occur within the solid phase. Assuming a uniformly mixed solid phase, the one-dimensional unsteady heat-flow equation relates the propellant temperature, depth from the surface, and time by the nonlinear equation ... 

The system is evacuated to a pressure of 5-10 mm., and the tube is heated to 700°, measured at the center of the heated zone. 2-Chloro-2,3,3-trifluorocycIobutyl acetate is admitted at the rate of 10-20 g. per hour. From 70 g. (0.35 mole) of the cyclobutyl acetate there is obtained 62-68 g. of mixed solid and liquid condensate (Note 10). Fractionation through a 30-cm. column packed with glass helices affords 30-35 g. (60-70%) of 1-chloro-1,4,4-trifluorobutadiene (Note 11), b.p. 50-51°, 1-3870 18-22... 

A bleach solution was being prepared by mixing solid sodium chlorite, oxalic acid, and water, in that order. As soon as water was added, chlorine dioxide was evolved and later exploded. The lower explosive limit of the latter is 10%, and the mixture is photo- and heat-sensitive [1]. It was calculated that the heat of reaction (1.88 kJ/g of dry mixture) would heat the expected products to an adiabatic temperature approaching 1500°C with an 18-fold increase in pressure in a closed vessel [2],... 

There is no interaction between solutions, but evaporation of the mixture gave a residue which explodes on heating. The mixed solids behave similarly. 

This must usually be induced by heating the mixed solids or supplying energy by some other means... 

Mixed solid waste 4830 Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fuels from Waste, Vol. 11. 

Large-scale Commercial Processes for Mixed Solid Waste... 

Dissolving a solute in a solvent causes a depression of freezing point, in the same way as mixing solids. 

Collins PJ, Horowitz M, Maddox A, Myers JC, Chatterton BE. Effects of increasing solid component size of a mixed solid/ liquid meal on solid and liquid gastric emptying. Am J Physiol 1996 271 G549-G554. 

Matshese JW, Malagelada JR, Phillips SF. Intestinal fluid flow and pancreatic enzyme output after mixed solid-liquid meals of different composition. Gastroenterology 1978 74 1135. 

Mixed solid fertilizers can be made by either direct granulation methods (40%) or bulk blending (40%). Bulk blending is made by mechanical mixing of the separate granular intermediate materials. It is usually done in small plants near the point of use. This technique is employed because the fertilizer can be tailor-made to fit the exact requirements of the user. Fluid or liquid fertilizers (clear, suspension, and slurry) account for 20% of all NPK mixed fertilizers. 

The invention of the fluidized bed with its suspended and rapidly mixing solids completely overcame this dangerous situation. This is because the rapid mixing of solids, and the large heat sink (the solids) will only allow the bed temperature to change very slowly, and it can be easily controlled. 

Figure 26.1 Various contacting patterns in fluid-solid reactors a-d) countercurrent, crosscurrent, and cocurrent plug flow d) intermediate gas flow, mixed solid flow (e) semibatch operations.

Most of the buffers are available as pre-mixed solids or ready-to-use solutions, but preparation of these buffers makes it possible to modify the composition. 

Fluoride is a natural component of most types of soil, in which it is mainly bound in complexes and not readily leached. The major source of free fluoride ion in soil is the weathering and dissolution of fluoride rich rock that depends on the natural solubility of the fluoride compound in question, pH, and the presence of other minerals and compounds and of water. The major parameters that control fluoride fixation in soil through adsorption, anion exchange, precipitation, formation of mixed solids and complexes are aluminium, calcium, iron, pH, organic matter and clay [19,20]. 

In the case of non—eutectic systems, the solid phase shows nearly ideal mixing, so that the surfactant components distribute themselves between the micelle and the solid in about the same relative proportions (i.e., both the mixed micelle and mixed solid are approximately ideal). However, in the case of the eutectic type system, the crystal is extremely non-ideal (almost a single component), while the micelle has nearly ideal mixing. As seen in earlier calculations for ideal systems, even though the total surfactant monomer concentration is intermediate between that of the pure components, the monomer concentration of an individual component decreases as its total proportion in solution decreases. As the proportion of surfactant A decreases in solution (proportion of surfactant B increases) from pure A, there is a lower monomer concentration of A. Therefore, it requires a lower temperature or a higher added electrolyte level to precipitate it. At some... 

A. Wolfson, 26, 4720 (1932). Incendiary compound, which may be ignited by a spark produced by friction, is prepd by mixing solid fuels, such as hex (CH2)6N4 or metaldehyde, with readily flammable substances, such as NC, P or nitrophenols. The composition may be pressed into tablets... 

An apparatus for mixing solid ingredients in the presence of liquids. Several types were used in Ger for mixing proplnts expls, such as the Columnar type (Saulenknetmaschine) (Ref 2, pp 105—06 Ref 3, p 237) Wemer-Pfleiderer Misch-und Knetmashine (Ref 1, p 75 Ref 3, p 227 Ref 4, pp 585—87), and others. In France, Chaudel-Page kneaders are in general use (Ref 4, pp 588—9)... 

Finally it should be noted that in real systems, solid solutions between SO - or OH- and a given contaminant oxyanion is likely to be the rule, whether AFt or AFm phases dominate. Little is known about the thermodynamics of such mixed solids and this certainly deserves further attention. 

Compounds of this series are derived from the so-called melano-chloride, a substance formed by oxidising an ammoniacal solution of cobaltous chloride with air and precipitating a solid by means of concentrated hydrochloric acid. From the mixed solid obtained the sparingly soluble diaquo-hexammino-u-amino-ol-dicobaltic... 

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