Milling environmental protection

Perrv, S. G., Bums, D. J., Adams, L. A., Paine, R. J., Dennis, M. G., Mills, M. T., Strimaitis, D. G., Yamartino, R. J., and Insley, E. M., "User s Guide to the Complex Terrain Dispersion Model plus Algorithms for Unstable Conditions (CTDMPLUS)," Vol. I "Model Description and User Instructions," EPA/600/8-89/041, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1989. 

The licensing process consists of two steps construction and operating license that must be completed before fuel loading. Licensing covers radiological safety, environmental protection, and antitru,st considerations. Activities not defined as production or utilization of special nuclear material (SNM), use simple one-step. Materials Licenses, for the possession of radioactive materials. Examples are uranium mills, solution recovery plants, UO fabrication plants, interim spent fuel storage, and isotopic separation plants. 

Sodergren, A. (Ed.) (1991). Environmental Fate and Effects of Bleached Pulp Mill Effluents. Report No. 4031, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. 

Historically, U.S. pulp and paper companies have invested heavily in capital improvements to their facilities. Capital investments in recent years, however, are well below historic levels due to the difficult market conditions. For the first time, industry capacity actually declined in 2001.1 2 3 Because few new mills are being built, most capital expenditures are for plant expansions, upgrades, and environmental protection initiatives at existing facilities. Throughout the time period 1985-1999, capital improvements related to environmental protection claimed from 4% to 22% of the total investments, with significant increases in the early and late 1990s.1... 

FIGURE 21.9 Schematic diagram of the IP Jay Paper Mill showing points of discharge to wastewater treatment plant. (Taken from U.S. EPA, International Paper XL-2 Effluent Improvements Project, Final Report, U.S. EPA, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Jay, Maine, September 6, 2005.)... 

U.S. EPA, Memorandum of Understanding between the American Forest Paper Association and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Regarding the Implementation of Land Application Agreements Among AF PA Member Pulp and Paper Mills and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, executed April 14, 1994. 

Mustapha, S., Ashhuby, B., and Azni, I., Start-up strategy of a thermophilic upflow anaerobic filter for treating palm oil mill effluent, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 81 (4), 262-266, 2003. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Surveys of the Uranium Mill Tailings Pile and Surrounding Areas, Salt Lake City, Report No. EPA-520/6-74-006, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV (1974). 

Radding, S.B., Mill, T., Gould, C.W., Lin, D.H., Johnson, H.L., Bomberger, D.C., Fojo, C.V. (1976) The Environmental Fates of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report No. EPDA-560/5-75-009. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1990. Risk Assessment for 2378-TCDD and 2378 TCDF Contaminated Receiving Waters from U.S. Chlorine-Bleaching Pulp and Paper Mills. EPA Off. Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C. 154 pp. 

Sources 1 J.M. Leach and A.N. Thakore, Toxic Constituents in Mechanical Pulping Effluents , Tappi, 1976, 59, 2, pp. 129-132. 2 L.T.K. Cheng, H.P. Meier and J.M. Leach, Can Pulp-mill Effluent Toxicity be Estimated from Chemical Analysis , Tappi, 1979, 62, pp. 71-74. 3 J.M. Leach and L.T.K. Chung, Development of a Chemical Toxicity Assay for Pulp Mill Effluents , US EPA Publication, No. EPA-600/2-80-206, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. 

Smith, J.H. Mabey, W.R. Bohonos, N. Holt, B.R. Lee, S.S. Chou, T.W. Bomberger, D.C. Mill, T. In "Environmental Pathways of Selected Chemicals In Freshwater Systems Part II. Laboratory Studies" EPA-600/7-78-074, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory Athens, Georgia, 1978 pp. 271-5. 

Levins, D. M., Ring, R. J. Hart, K. P. 1983. Mobilization of radionuclides and heavy metals in uranium mill and tailings dam circuits. Proc. Scientific Workshop on the Environmental Protection in the Alligator Rivers Region, sponsored by the Office of the Supervising Scientist, Jabiru, NT, Australia, 17-20 May, 10-1. 

Radiation protection health and environmental protection standards for uranium and thorium mill tailings listed constituent... 

EPA. 2002d. Radiation protection program. Health and environmental protection standards for uranium and thorium mill tailings. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 192, Appendix 1. http //ecfr.access.gpo.gov/otcg. April 19,2002. 

Mabey, W.R., T. Mill, and D.G. Hendry. 1982. Laboratory protocols for evaluating the fate of chemicals in water and air. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Final Report. EPA-600/3-82-022, Washington, DC. 

Winterle, J.S. and T. Mill. 1982. In Validation of estimation techniques for predicting environmental transformation of chemicals. Final report (Contract 68-01-6269) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. 

Borgmann, A., Michajluk, S. and Humphrey, S. (1999) Environmental effects monitoring at 22 pulp and paper mills in Ontario Cycle 2 interim report - Summary of summer 1997 and winter 1998 EEM effluent toxicity results, Environmental Protection Branch - Ontario Region, Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, 7 pp. Available at http //www.on.ec.gc.ca/eem/intro-e.html... 

Mills, W.B., Dean, J.D., Porcella, D.B., Gherini, S.A., Hudson, R.J.M., Frick, W.E., Rupp, G.L., Bowie, G.L. (1982) Water Quality Assessment A Screening Procedure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants. EPA-600/6-82-004a, Environmental Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia. 

Mill, T., Hendry, D.M., Mabey, W.E., Johnson, D.J. (1980) Laboratory protocols for evaluating fate of organic chemicals in air and water. EPA-600/3-80-069. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC. 

US Environmental Protection Agency, Dioxin Levels in Fish Near Pulp and Paper Mills, Office of Water Regulation and Standards, Monitoring and Data Support Group, Washington, 1988. 

EPA. 1986b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Pinal rule for radon- 222 emissions from licensed uranium mill tailings. Background information document. Report. EPA 520/1-86-009. NTIS PB87-207569. 

Figure 4. Relationships between magnesium, calcium, and sodium content and three amphibole mineral names tremolite, winchite, and richterite. All three names have been assigned to various amphibole samples from former vermiculite mining and milling sites near Libby, Montana. Source U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, Denver Colorado.

Radding S. B., Mill T., Gould C. W., Liu D. H., Johnson H. L., Bomberger D. C., and Fojo C. V. (1976) The environmental fate of selected polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA560/5-75-009. 

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