Mill effluents

Paper manufacture Paper manufacturing Paper mill effluents Paper mill furnace Paper mills... 

Closed-Mill Concept. The closed-mill concept, or water circuit closure, has been studied by the pulp and paper industry for many years. In some parts of the paper manufacturing process, up to 98% of the water is recycled within the process, eg, the wet end of the paper machine. However, in the pulp mill, especiaUy kraft mills, effluents are produced owing to the need to purge from the system various metals that come in with the wood, as weU as organic by-products from the pulping process, additives, and especially chloride ions that originate in the bleach plant. 

Environmental antiandrogens Vinclozolin Procymidone Kraft mill effluent... 

Complex mixtures Tannery and Kraft mill effluent Sediment extract Sewage effluent... 

Chemical-mediated immune suppression has been identified from the experimental study of several wildlife species. Harbour seals fed either chemically contaminated fish from the Wadden Sea or imcontaminated fish were found to have differing immune responses, with the exposed group showing lowered immune response to microbial infections and certain types of cancer. "" Mink fed fish taken from below a discharge point for bleached Kraft pulp mill effluent have also shown impaired immune function, " showing that the non-accnmillative chemicals in this effluent can actively disrupt endocrine associated functions. 

However, not all EDs with a high log possess or require the ability to bioaccnmulate in order to be biologically active. For example, phthalate plasticisers, chlorophenols from Kraft mill effluents and natural or synthetic hormones can influence an organism s hormone profile and affect reproductive function and immune response without exhibiting bioaccnmiilation. ... 

Recommended Practice Cathodic Protection of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Clarifiers, RP-01-80, NACE, Houston (1980)... 

Munkittrick, K.R., McMaster, M.E., McCarthy, L.H. et al. (1998). An overview of recent studies on the potential of pulp-mill effluents to alter reproductive parameters in fish. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews 1, 347-371. 

Sodergren, A. (Ed.) (1991). Environmental Fate and Effects of Bleached Pulp Mill Effluents. Report No. 4031, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. 

Yunker, M.B. and Cretney, W.J. (1996). Dioxins and furans in crab hepatopancreas uses of principle component analysis to classify congener patterns and determine linkages to contamination sources. In M. Servos, K.R. Munkittrick J H. Carey, and G.J. van der Kraak (Eds.) Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents. Delray Beach, FL St. Lucie Press, pp. 315-325. 

Kutney JP, E Dimitriadis, GM Hewitt, PJ Salisbury, M Singh (1982) Studies related to biological detoxification of kraft mill effluent IV—the biodegradation of 14-chlorodehydroabietic acid with Mortierella... 

Jokela JK, M Salkinoja-Salonen (1992) Molecular weight distributions of organic halogens in bleached kraft pulp mill effluents. Environ Sci Technol 26 1190-1197. 

Saski EK, A Vahatalo, K Salonen, MS Salkinoja-Salonen (1996b) Mesocosm simulation on sediment formation indnced by biologically treated bleached kraft pulp mill wastewater in freshwater recipients. In Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents (Eds MR Servos, KR Munlittrick, JH Carey, and GJ van der Kraak), pp. 261-270. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL. 

For kraft pulp mills, the Cluster Rules add toxic and nonconventional pollutants to the list of regulated pollutants only for bleached papergrade kraft mills. Effluent limitations guidelines and standards were added for the following BAT and PSES pollutants (and NSPS/PSNS for new sources) chloroform, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, 12 chlorinated phenolic compounds, and AOX. All of the... 

Reddy, P., Pillay, V.L., Kunamneni, A., and Singh, S., Degradation of pulp and paper-mill effluent by thermophilic micro-organisms using batch systems, Water SA, 31, 2005. Available at http //www.wrc. org.za. 

Mustapha, S., Ashhuby, B., and Azni, I., Start-up strategy of a thermophilic upflow anaerobic filter for treating palm oil mill effluent, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 81 (4), 262-266, 2003. 

Keywords Catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation, Iron, p-Coumaric acid, Pillared clay, Olive oil mill effluents. 

Simovic, L. and W.J. Snodgrass. 1985. Natural removal of cyanides in gold milling effluents — evaluation of removal kinetics. Water Pollut. Res. Jour. Canada 20 120-135. 

Butler, E.C.V. and G.D. Pont. 1992. Liquid chromatography-electrochemistry procedure for the determination of chlorophenolic compounds in pulp mill effluents and receiving waters. Jour. Chromatogr. 609 113-123. 

Oikari, A. and J. Kukkonen. 1988. Acclimatization of roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), to toxic components of kraft pulp mill effluents. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 15 282-288. 

Sewage effluent, Contaminated sediments, Pulp mill effluents Natural products... 

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