Licensing process

The licensing process consists of two steps construction and operating license that must be completed before fuel loading. Licensing covers radiological safety, environmental protection, and antitru,st considerations. Activities not defined as production or utilization of special nuclear material (SNM), use simple one-step. Materials Licenses, for the possession of radioactive materials. Examples are uranium mills, solution recovery plants, UO fabrication plants, interim spent fuel storage, and isotopic separation plants. 

An applicant for a construction permit files a Preliminary Safety Analysis Repori (PSAR) presenting design criteria and preliminary design information, hypothetical accident analyses, safety features, and site data. An Environmental Report (ER) must be submitted to evtiluatc the env ironmental impact of the proposed facility, and information must be submitted to the. Uornev Cieneral and the NRC staff for antitrust review. 

When the review progresses to the point that the staff concludes that the documentation is acceptable, a Safety Evaluation Report is prepared that represents a summary of the review and evaluation of the application by the staff. 

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) review is performed concurreruly by the staff. After completion, a Draft Environmental Statement (DES) is issued and eirculated lor review and comments by the appropriate Federal, State and local agencies, individuals and public. After receipt of comments and their resolution, the Final Environmental Statement (FES) is issued 

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The analyses of system failures which could challenge the containment or lead to the release of radioactivity form the licensing process. The design basis analyses are deterministic, and degraded core accidents are not considered. PSA determines the probabilities of the numerous sequences that could lead to core degradation and how the core behaves. 

The Canadian licensing philosophy requires that each accident, together with failure of each safety system in turn, be assessed (and specified dose limits met) as part of the design and licensing process. In response, designers have provided CANDUs with two independent dedicated shutdown systems, and the likelihood of anticipated transients without scram is negligible. 

This section briefly summarizes the licensing system in each of the 10 countries, focusing on the power the dmg regulatory authorities in each country have over pharmaceutical facilities the sources of that power and the licensing process. 

It is important to underscore that the scientific and technical work being carried out at Yucca Mountain represents cutting edge science on a first-of-a-kind project The licensing process - for a project whose performance is to be projected over such long time scales - will also break new ground. 

REOCNTEK has completed the licensing process for its first full scale facility in Newman, Illinois. With the assistance of its corporate parent PS Group, REOCNTEK has sold 15 million in industrial revenue bonds and will begin construction cn or about July 1, 1989. We expect this facility to begin operation during the first quarter of 1990. 

Over a period of about twenty years the results of surveillance for veterinary drug residues in meat and animal products in the UK have provided reassurance that residues of veterinary drugs occur at very low concentrations and generally at low frequencies. Over this period repeated surveillance and improved communication and awareness of the producer and feed industry has resulted in a downward trend in the level and incidence of residues detected. However, contamination hot spots remain (e.g. animal medicated feed) and will continue to be monitored in the future. In addition, as new products are introduced into the market they will be evaluated during the licensing process to establish any risk from their residues present in human food. The UK also imports a significant amount of animal-derived food and the presence and risk to the UK consumer of residues in these products must also be considered and appropriate measures taken to protect the UK consumer. 

The use of a nuclear power plant to produce hydrogen or for other process heat applications will present challenges to the licensing process. Potential safety and regulatory issues have been evaluated to identify possible research needs, policy concerns and licensing approaches. A brief description of nuclear power plant licensing in the United States and a discussion of specific issues for using nuclear power plantsfor process heat applications are presented. 

Although the duration of construction was influenced by various factors, including the accident at Three Mile Island, economic conditions and power needs, the history and trend of extended times to obtain operating licenses was a motivation for the development of an alternate licensing process, which is defined in 10 CFR Part 52. The licensing process in 10 CFR Part 52 involves the possible submittal of a nuclear power plant design for certification and the approval of specific sites via an... 

Since the mid-1970 s, more than 25 commercial plants have been commissioned using this catalyst family. There are currently five licensed processes (other than MTG) based on the ZSM-5 family ... 

Such a development would parallel extensive experience in successful commercialization of many fixed-bed processes using similar catalysts and operating conditions. The five licensed processes using ZSM-5 catalyst fall in that category. The simplest fixed-bed MTG system was the one which employed dehydration and ZSM-5 reactors. This system was studied extensively in bench-scale units. These studies in a 3 cm diameter by 30-50 cm length reactors were considered to be sufficient for scale-up. 

Permanent press, 100% cotton fabrics are produced via a licensed process involving mercerization in a bath of liquid anhydrous ammonia. This Sanfor-Set process was commercialized in 197557. 

Should MTBE be banned, what would be the logical replacement(s) There are several options available. Several refiners opted to build MTBE capacity and avoid purchasing the ether on the open market. MTBE units were an option to use the facility s isobutylenes. Several licensed processes can be used to convert existing MTBE units. Kvaerner and Lyondell Chemical Co. offer technologies to convert an MTBE unit to produce iso-octane, as shown in Fig. 18.27.12 Snamprogetti SpA and CDTECH also have an iso-octene/iso-octane process. These processes can use various feedstocks such as pure iso-butane, steam-cracked C4 raffinate, 50/50 iso-butane/iso-butene feeds, and FCC butane-butane streams. The process selectively dimerizes C4 olefins to iso-octene and then hydrogenates the iso-octene (di-iso-butene) into iso-octane. The processes were developed to provide an alternative to MTBE. The dimerization reactor uses a catalyst similar to that for MTBE processes thus, the MTBE reactor can easily be converted to... 

The integrator is responsible for collecting the chickens on the day of kill and transporting them to their licensed processing plant. When the number of birds is relatively low the farmer may have to catch or assist in catching them on the day of slaughter. 

Hydrocarbon Processing s Petrochemical Processes 2005 handbooks reflect the dynamic advancements now available in licensed process technologies, catalysts and equipment. The petrochemical industry continues to apply energy-conserving, environmentally friendly, cost-effective solutions to produce products that improve the quality of everyday life. The global petrochemical industry is innovative—putting knowledge into action to create new products that service the needs of current and future markets. 

Secondary reformer exit gas is cooled by generating high-pressure steam (4). The shift reaction is carried out in two catalytic steps—high-temperature (5) and low-temperature shift (6). Carbon dioxide removal (7) uses licensed processes. Following C02 removal, residual carbon oxides are converted to methane in the methanator (8). Methanator effluent is cooled, and water is separated (9) before the raw gas is dried (10). 

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