Milk teeth

Colgate Total, Sensodyne Total, Crest Complete, Macleans Milk Teeth (children) 6.6-6.8... 

Humans grow two sets of teeth. The first set— the one formed in the womb—is called the primary teeth. These are also known as the baby teeth, deciduous teeth, or milk teeth. Primary teeth appear—erupt—in the mouth when a baby is from 6 to 30 months old. Twenty teeth— ten uppers and ten lowers—make a complete set of primary teeth. Next, the permanent teeth begin appearing in the mouth at about 6 years of age and continue to appear until about 21, though calcification begins in the jaw near the time of birth. There are 28 to 32 permanent teeth, depending upon whether or not the four wisdom teeth appear. Table D-3 lists the primary and permanent teeth and the approximate ages at which they appear or erupt in the mouth. 

One problem in studies based on tooth lead measurement is that one is dependent on children donating shed milk teeth. Even with an enthusiastic research team some 30-40% of eligible children are excluded from the results. Hence, any inconsistency between different studies of tooth lead and IQ could possibly be attributed to biases in sample selection. For instance, children of lower intelligence may be less likely to donate teeth and it is uncertain what potential bias this could have. A comparison of tooth-givers with non-givers in this study was described previously (Smith et al, 1983). 

We have already seen how milk is an emulsion comprising oil as a dispersion medium in a water-based dispersion medium. Milk fats also form colloids. The aqueous component of milk contains many vitamins, especially the salts of calcium, which baby mammals need to produce strong teeth and bones. 

Major metals Calcium Milk and dairy products grains green vegetables and fruit Rigidity of bone and teeth. Regulation of metabolism Blood clotting... 

Deficiency may occur in infants if no fruits or vegetables are added to their milk formulas. In alcoholics, and in elderly subjects who consume inadequate diets vitamin C deficiencies are frequent. Severe ascorbic acid deficiency is characterized by the syndrome known as scurvy. Its manifestations are generally based on a loss of collagen. Symptoms include hemorrhages, loosening of teeth. In children cellular changes in the long bones occur. 

TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL USES India. Decoctions of the dried and fresh buds and leaves are taken orally for headache and fever " . Powder or decoction of the dried leaf is applied to teeth to prevent tooth decay S Fresh leaf juice is taken orally for abortion , and as a contraceptive and hemostatic b Mexico. Hot water extract of the leaf is taken orally by nursing mothers to increase milk production " . 

The oral dosage for rapidly excreted tetracyclines, equivalent to tetracycline hydrochloride, is 0.25-0.5 g four times daily for adults and 20-40 mg/kg/d for children (8 years of age and older). For severe systemic infections, the higher dosage is indicated, at least for the first few days. The daily dose is 600 mg for demeclocycline or methacycline, 100 mg once or twice daily for doxycycline, and 100 mg twice daily for minocycline. Doxycycline is the oral tetracycline of choice because it can be given as a once-daily dose and its absorption is not significantly affected by food. All tetracyclines chelate with metals, and none should be orally administered with milk, antacids, or ferrous sulfate. To avoid deposition in growing bones or teeth, tetracyclines should be avoided in pregnant women and children less than 8 years of age. 

Calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D are needed for formation of bones and teeth. Supplements containing calcium, fluoride and vitamin D are commonly used to treat osteoporosis, and some American physicians recommend Turns as an inexpensive source of calcium. Calcium is needed also for formation of milk, maintaining correct heart rhythm, and conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin to form blood clots. Calcium salts are sometimes administered to promote blood clotting. 

I replied "I can only see from this hall into the hall I just left, and on the left standeth thy queenly woman, and on the right the nude virgin, and her eyes are redder than wine, her teeth whiter than milk, but her garments at her feet are more unsightly, blacker, and more filthy than the brook of Kidron"... 

The recommended ratio of phosphorus to calcium is 1 1, except in infants it is 2 1. For older infants, the recommended intake of phosphorus is increased to 80% of the calcium requirement, so that the ratio is similar to cow s milk (Harper 1969). Both phosphorus and calcium are distributed similarly in foods, hence a sufficient intake of calcium ensures a sufficient intake of phosphorus. The exception is cows milk, which contains more phosphorus than calcium (Harper 1969). The adult daily requirement for phosphorus is about 700 mg. A balanced diet provides sufficient amounts of phosphorus because it is commonly found in foods (phosphoproteins and phospholipids, inorganic phosphate), especially milk and milk products, wheat, meats and fish (Latner 1975). In the body, normal serum (inorganic) phosphorus levels are 4-7 mg/100 mL in children and 3-4.5 mg/100 mL in adults and the elderly. In body fluids and tissues, normal serum phosphorus levels found are 40, 170-250, 360, and 22,600 mg/100 mL in blood, muscle, nerve, and both bones and teeth, respectively (Harper 1969 Tietz 1970). 

Increase in frequency and severity of hypomineralization of teeth in 6-7-year-old children high-exposure group >16.0 pg TEQ/g milk fat medium-exposure group 8.0-16.0 pg TEQ/g low-exposure group <8.0 pg TEQ/g Alaluusua et al. 1996... 

Alaluusua S, Lukinmaa P-L, Vartiainen T, et al. 1996. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans via mother s milk may cause developmental defects in the child s teeth. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1 193-197. 

The richest sources of vitamin C are citrus fruits (e.g., lemon, oranges), tomatoes, potatoes, green chilies, and human milk. Severe deficiency causes scurvy and is prevalent in malnourished infants, children, adults, alcoholics, and drug addicts. Symptoms such as bleeding gums, deformed teeth, brittle bones, impaired wound healing, anemia, and growth retardation are observed. 

Exposure media will also change with life stage. For example, the fetus will be exposed via amniotic fluid, the infant to breast milk, the teething child to many objects (both intended and unintended)... 

Biomarkers do not measure exposure directly, but are an indicator of absorbed dose. A biomarker of exposure is defined as a xenobiotic substance or its metabolite(s) or the product of an interaction between a xenobiotic agent and some target molecules(s) or cell(s) that is measured within a compartment of an organism and can be related to exposure. Urine, blood, nail, saliva, hair, and faeces are common media collected for biomarker measurements. Maternal biomarkers of exposure can also be measured in amniotic fluid and breast milk. These matrices can also provide a measure of exposure for children, both prenatally and postnatally. Biomarkers in first teeth have also been used to assess early childhood exposure, whereas biomarkers in meconium and cord blood have been used to assess in utero exposures. Biomarkers of genetic damage (e.g. DNA adducts) have been extensively used to assess exposure to genotoxic agents (Neri et al., 2006). 

Liquid/liquid emulsions consist of two (or more) non-miscible liquids. Classical examples for this are oil in water (O/W) emulsions, for example milk, mayonnaise, lotions, creams, water soluble paints, photo emulsions, and so on. As appliances, teeth-rimed rotor-stator emulsifiers and colloid mills, as well as high-pressure homogenizers are used. 

A 30 or 40 per cent by volume hydrogen peroxide is used as bleach for silk, wood, Wool, bones, teeths, feathers, mother of pearl, hom, hair, coral, gelatine, oils and fats. In medical science it is an excellent disinfectant and is also essential for sterilizing water for municipal use and preserving milk. Apart from this, hydrogen peroxide is used in the chemical industries for the manufacture of persalts and in laboratories for oxidation. 

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