Methylmethacrylate/acrylic copolymer

Formulations for acrylic copolymers involve monomers such as acrylic acid [79-10-7], methacrylic acid [79-144], or esters of these acids. Formation of a copolymer from a methylmethacrylate ester (3), where DVB serves as the cross-linker, gives the structures ... 

The normal unzipping process of PMMA decomposition was obstructed in the case of the acrylate copolymers, thus reducing the evolution of the flammable methylmethacrylate (MMA) monomer. 

PS is one of the most frequendy foamable thermoplastic resin. Blends that belong to this category are presented in Table 1.13. Recendy blends containing > 50 wt% PS (MW = 200 kg/mol) and acryhc copolymers were described as particularly useful for the manufacture of low density foams. The acrylic copolymer contained methylmethacrylate and, e.g., 5 wt% of ethylacrylate. The presence of copolymer facilitated foaming, but it reduced the foam compressive strength. The best balance was obtained using about 22 wt% of the copolymer. 

Predesigned particles of impact modifiers are based on core-shell technology. Core is involved in impact modification and shell improves adhesion between PVC and impact modifier particles.Three major combinations are used methacrylate-butadiene-styrene, MBS, which has a core made out of butadiene-styrene copolymers and shell made out of methylmethacrylate-styrene copolymer, acrylic impact modifiers, AIM, which have a core made out of acrylic and shell from polymethylmethacrylate, and silicone-acrylic have multilayer structures with silicone-acrylic in the core. MBS has excellent compatibility with PVC, similar to ABS, which is used as an impact modifier of PVC, as well. In both cases of ABS and MBS, weather resistance is lacking, therefore they are used for indoor applications only. At the same time, MBS gives translucent to crystal clear products, whereas with AIM, only translucent products are possible. In order to improve optical properties of AIM, it has to be reformulated. For transparent products, the core is made out of acrylic-styrene copolymers. Comparing silicone and all acrylic impact modifiers, PVC containing silicone-based products has superior low temperature impact properties. The incorporation of silicone into an acrylic impact modifier provides excellent weatherability, and thermal stability. It has shown improved retention of impact after outdoor weathering in PVC. ... 

The simple model and its equally simple extension discussed above do not suffice in the description of maximum tolerable composition differences found in mixtures of acrylic copolymers. The extensive data by Kollinsky and Markert [21,22] refer to systems of the type ap methylmethacrylate throughout and p-... 

With atomic force microscopy, Tong et al. compared the morphology of some poly(methylmethacrylate)-/ -poly(alkylacrylate)-/ -poly(methylmethacrylate) triblock copolymers, namely poly(methylmethacrylate)-fc-poly(isooctyl acrylate)-/ -poly(methylmethacrylate) (MIM), poly(methylmethacrylate)-fc-poly (n-butylacrylate)-/ -poly(methylmethacrylate) (MnBM), poly(methyhnethacrylate)-fc-poly(n-propylacrylate)-fc-poly(methyl methacrylate) (MnPM), and poly (methylmethacrylate)-/ - and poly(ethylacrylate)-/ -poly(methyhnethacrylate) (MEM), using a procedure designed to image microdomains of different mechanical properties. The amplitude and phase of the oscillating tip were recorded simultaneously at each point of the surface, with a lateral resolution of a few nanometers. 

Examination of the THF-ethanol-insoluble fraction. This will consist of the base polymer, which will usually be a PVC homopolymer but could be a copolymer of vinyl chloride (VC) with another monomer such as vinyl acetate (VA). Also present may be polymeric processing aids such as Paraloid K120N (90 10 methylmethacrylate ethyl acrylate copolymer), impact modifiers that are totally soluble in THF such as EVA or CPE, and impact modifiers that are partially soluble in THF such as nitrile rubber and SAN fractions from ABS. 

Figure 3.7 Infrared spectrum of methylmethacrylic acid - glycol methyl-acrylate copolymer containing 62.3 mole% of glycolmethylacrylate. Reprinted with permission from S. Paul and B. Ranby, Analytical Chemistry, 1975, 47, 8, 1428. 1975, ACS) [82]...

This method has been used to determine the hydrophobicity of poly(methylmethacrylate) nanoparticles and acrylic acid copolymer nanoparticles [146-148]. 

Fig. 1. Dependence of the specific viscosity of mixtures of the copolymer of the meth-acrylic acid and methylmethacrylate with PEO on the molecular weight of PEO. Total polymer concentration 0.05 g/dl, solvent — water ethanol = 30 70 temperature 25 °C (7), 15 °C (2). 47,7b)...

For quite some time, there have been indications for a phase-separation in the shell of polyelectrolyte block copolymer micelles. Electrophoretic mobility measurements on PS-PMAc [50] indicated that a part of the shell exhibits a considerable higher ionic strength than the surrounding medium. This had been corroborated by fluorescence studies on PS-PMAc [51-53] and PS-P2VP-heteroarm star polymers [54]. According to the steady-state fluorescence and anisotropy decays of fluorophores attached to the ends of the PMAc-blocks, a certain fraction of the fluorophores (probably those on the blocks that were folded back to the core/shell interface) monitored a lower polarity of the environment. Their mobility was substantially restricted. It thus seemed as if the polyelectrolyte corona was phase separated into a dense interior part and a dilute outer part. Further experimental evidence for the existence of a dense interior corona domain has been found in an NMR/SANS-study on poly(methylmethacrylate-fr-acrylic acid) (PMMA-PAAc) micelles [55]. 

Note Entry 10 is a tri-arm block copolymer. MMA = Methylmethacrylate BA = n-Butyl acrylate MA = Methyl acrylate... 

Latex describes the type of resin or binder used. Exterior paint usually contains 100% acrylic latex emulsions, which usually are copolymers of methylmethacrylate with butyiacrylate or 2-ethylhexylacrylate. This combination stands up well against uv radiation. Interior paint has no uv requirement, and the best combination for cost is a copolymer of vinylacetate and acrylates. Many other formulations are availabledepending on the use and quality desired. 

Fig. 7. Schematic representation of the cross-section of heat-treated (130 °C) acrylic fibers (from AN/ methylmethacrylate copolymer) a) under nitrogen, b) with water vapor. (Adapted from electron-micrographs of Sotton et ai.72 )...

Interesting blends, having a broad range of properties, were prepared in two steps 1. BR was grafted and crosslinked with either styrene or methylmethacrylate to produce a core-shell copolymer. 2. Next, it was blended with PO for improved processability, impact resistance, rigidity, etc. [Aoyama et al., 1993, 1994]. Structural blends of styrene-grafted PP with either SBR, SBS, or an acrylic elastomer were developed [DeNicola andConboy, 1994]. 

Probably, materials based on graft polymers should be related to the same type of metallopolymers. The properties of such double-layered macroporous materials (particularly block-copolymers) depends on the localization of a graft layer as a thin film on the support polymer surface (PE, PP PTFE, PS are best) or using highly dispersed powders. For this purpose a graft of small amounts of functionalized monomer (acrylic acid, allyl alcohol, methylmethacrylate. 

PVC melts have a dry appearance, little strength, and lack of adhesion to a metal surface. Process aids are designed to change all these properties. Almost all rigid formulations and many flexible ones use acrylic process aids. Acrylic process aids are copolymers of methylmethacrylate with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, or butyl methacrylate.Selection of monomers is important because it affects the glass transition temperature of copolymer, which should be lower than that of PVC to cause additive to melt below PVC process temperature and thus help to process it. 

New types of metal-containing polymers can be effectively produced 1 construction of polymer supports in the form of gels which, in use, are capable of swelling, insoluble in the reaction medium, but permeable to the molecules, substrate and solvent (23-25). they are based on ethylene-prcpylene rubbers and also ternary copolymers of ethylene, propylene and nonconjugated diene, siloxane rubbers with the radically grafted vinylpyridine, acrylic acid (AAc), methylmethacrylate (MMA), etc. Fu2 her cross-linking of the rubber base allows the syntheses of three-dimensional networks to avoid the dispersion of these particles in the reaction media. MX is bound within these networks. Such polymers were termed mosaic their structure is shown in Fig. 2. It is evident... 

Mormann et al. recorded the MALDI mass spectrum of a copolymer containing methylmethacrylate (MMA) and phenyl acrylate (PA). The copolymer spectrum displays peaks due to ions containing a relatively large number of MMA units (in the range n = 15-53), and only one, two, and three PA units. This result is incompatible with an exactly alternating structure, initially hypothesized. 

In addition to ABS, with polybutadiene as the elastifying component, there is another forerunner among the polymer products formulated for low-temperature impact resistance, PVC-U. Elastifying ligands include EVAC, EVAC/VC graft polymer, PAEA C (polyacrylic acid ester/vinyl chloride copolymer), ACE (acrylic ester/MMA graft polymer) as well as the chlorinated low-pressure polyethylene PE-C in use for over 35 years. All of the polymer blends listed here are suitable for outdoor applications since they contain no unsaturated components. Polybutadiene-modified products are better suited to interior applications, for example MBS, a methylmethacrylate/butadiene/styrene graft polymer [55]. 

Acramin Binder 27 Acramin Binder 1900D Butyl acrylate/methyl acrylate/ methylmethacrylate copolymer. Ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymer binder, iaminating... 

The graft copolymer products, poly(met)acrylates branched to polyester-suUbnes, can be produced next way [200]. Firstly, the polyestersulfone is being chlormethylenized by monochlordimethyl ester. The product is used as macrostarter for the graft radical polymerization of methylmethacrylate (I), methylacrylate (II) and butylacrylate (III) in dimethylformamide according to the mechanism of transferring of atoms under die influence of the catalytical system FeCyisophthalic acid. The branched copolymer with I has only one glassing temperature while copolymer with II and III has three. 

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