Poly methylmethacrylate

Acrylic acid, the main precursor to acrylic adhesives had been synthesized in the mid 1800s and the first acrylic acid esters were made and characterized at the turn of the century [62]. The first commercial launch of acrylic polymers in the form of poly(methylmethacrylate) took place in 1927 when the German company Rohm and Haas AG introduced this new plastic to the market. Soon after, other companies such as BASF introduced acrylic dispersions. 

As stated in Section I, columns should be selected so the low molar mass portions of the samples in question can be sufficiently separated from the elution interval of the system peaks. This task cannot always be accomplished, e.g., dimethylacetamide often replaces dimethylformamide as a GPC eluent the analyzed, mostly polar, samples require a neutral salt (e.g., FiBr) (7). The calibration is usually carried out with poly(methylmethacrylate) standards... 

Arai, T, Sawatari, N., Yoshizaki, T., Einaga, Y. and Yamakawa, H. (1996) Excluded-volume effects on the hydrodynamic radius of atactic and isotactic oligo- and poly(methylmethacrylate)s in dilute solution. Macromolecules, 29, 2309-2314. 

Although open tubular columns have been used for RPLC,42 most applications use packed columns. The most widely used column packings are formed by chemically bonding butyl (C4), octyl (C8), or octadecyl (C18) chains to a silica surface. Phenyl (Ph), cyano (CN), and amino (NH2) functionalities are also used. Polymeric packings which are finding broad acceptance include alkyl-grafted poly(methylmethacrylate) and alkyl-grafted or unmodified... 

Scale inhibitors may also be used in acidizing. These include alcohol ethoxysulfonic acids (152). Scale inhibitors are also used in water and enhanced oil recovery injection wells and include low molecular weight poly(vinylsulfonate), poly(methylmethacrylate-co-ethylenediamine) (153), bis(phosphonomethylene)aminomethylene carboxylic acid, and poly(acrylic acid-co-3-acrylamido-3-methylbu-tanoic acid). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and similar complex-ing agents have been used to remove scale from formation surfaces near wellbores. 

A radical initiator based on the oxidation adduct of an alkyl-9-BBN (47) has been utilized to produce poly(methylmethacrylate) (48) (Fig. 31) from methylmethacrylate monomer by a living anionic polymerization route that does not require the mediation of a metal catalyst. The relatively broad molecular weight distribution (PDI = (MJM ) 2.5) compared with those in living anionic polymerization cases was attributed to the slow initiation of the polymerization.69 A similar radical polymerization route aided by 47 was utilized in the synthesis of functionalized syndiotactic polystyrene (PS) polymers by the copolymerization of styrene.70 The borane groups in the functionalized syndiotactic polystyrenes were transformed into free-radical initiators for the in situ free-radical graft polymerization to prepare s-PS-g-PMMA graft copolymers. 

Boraindane 178 <1996CHEC-II(8)889> was applied to the preparation of new telechelic polymers, including poly(methylmethacrylate) and poly(trifluoroethyl acrylate) containing two reactive OH groups at the polymer chain <2004MM6260>. 

Rebizant et al. [206,207] investigated polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-poly(methylmethacrylate- co-glycidylmethacrylate) triblock quaterpolymers... 

On the other hand, silicones are used in organic composites. The application of alloys composed of the fully cured silicone rubber particles in a continuous thermoplastic phase, called thermoplastic silicone vulcanizate, which offers high-performance materials, has been reported.506,507 Functionalized POSS was not only co-polymerized, but also blended with poly(methylmethacrylate) to study the effect of silsesquioxanes on the thermal stability of thermoplastics.508... 

Kreuter and Speiser [77] developed a dispersion polymerization producing adjuvant nanospheres of polymethylmethacrylate) (PMMA). The monomer is dissolved in phosphate buffered saline and initiated by gamma radiation in the presence and absence of influenza virions. These systems showed enhanced adjuvant effect over aluminum hydroxide and prolonged antibody response. PMMA particles could be distinguished by TEM studies and the particle size was reported elsewhere to be 130 nm by photon correlation spectroscopy [75], The particle size could be reduced, producing monodisperse particles by inclusion of protective colloids, such as proteins or casein [40], Poly(methylmethacrylate) nanoparticles are also prepared... 

This method has been used to determine the hydrophobicity of poly(methylmethacrylate) nanoparticles and acrylic acid copolymer nanoparticles [146-148]. 

The determination of the molecular weight of nanoparticles is performed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The experimental setup consists of a high performance liquid chromatography system with a size exclusion column and a refractive index detector. The nanoparticles are usually freeze-dried and dissolved in tetrahydrofuran for analysis on the system. Poly(styrene) or poly(methylmethacrylate) standards are used to calibrate the column, to enable the determination of number average molecular weight (Mn), as in... 

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