Structure in blends

Moriya et al. first demonstrated that anisotropic structure in blends can be generated by applying ac electric fields to solvent-free blends of PEO and PS [60]. A similar morphology transformation induced by electric fields has been detected in PEO/PS/cyclohexane systems [61-63]. During solvent evaporation,... 

Cheng, Y.-Y., Brillhart, M., Cebe, P. and Capel, M., X-ray scattering and thermal analysis study of the effects of molecular weight on phase structure in blends of polybutylene terephthalate with polycarbonate, J. Poly. Sci., Polym. Phys., 34, 2953-2965 (1996). 

Methods based on radiationless transfer between chromophores in polymers can give information on local conformation and structure in blends but they are unable to give direct values of interaction parameters... 

Generally, the blend with PC as the major component can be toughened by rubber more effectively than the blends with PA as the major component. Morphologically, the dispersed PA phase is present as an elongated lamellar structure in blends in which PC is the major component, whereas the dispersed PC phase is present in an elliptical form in blends where PA is the major component. 

The significance of polymer blends has been an incentive for us to take also into consideration the advances in polymer blend preparation. The general characteristics of multicomponent polymeric systems included the formation and transitions of the complex structure in blends crystalline and amorphous components. Since the interactions between the blend components are of great importance the coupling agent activity and the modification of contacts between the components as well as general aspects of adhesion between polymers have been examined. 

Cowie, J. M. G., McEwan, 1., McEwen, 1. J., and Pethrick, R. A., Investigation of hydrogen-bonding structure in blends of poly(iV-vinylpyrrolidone) with poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) using positron annihilation. Macromolecules, 34,7071-7075 (2001). 

T. Hashimoto, K. Yamasaki, S. Koizumi, H. Hasegawa, Ordered structure in blends of block copolymers. 1. miscibihty criterion for lamellar block copolymers. Macromolecules 26 (1993) 2895-2904. 

Fig.20a-d. Optical micrographs showing the distinction between ring banded spherulites in PCL-PVC blends and non-banded structures in blends of PCL with CPE-56.3 taken from [99]... 

Kummerl5we and Kammer reported observations on the form of the crystalline structure in blends of PCL (M =40,000) with a diblock copolymer of PCL (M = 20,000) andpoly(2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) (PDTC) 30 (M =20,000) both components of the block copolymer are crystallisable. 

Fig.71A-F. Ring-banded structures in blends of PCL with e-caprolactone-butadiene diblock copolymer A pure PCL B-E blends containing 90,80,70 and 60% PCL, copolymer contains 82% polybutadiene F simulation taken from [160]...

When such a soluble ABCP is mechanically blended with one of its components, unusual morphologies may arise. Eastmond and Phillips observed large spherical domains with an onion-ring-type structure in blends of a soluble polycarbonate/polychloroprene ABCP with polycarbonate. 

Pham HH, Parinha IPS, Winnik MA (2000) Cross-linking, miscibility, and interface structure in blends of poly(2-ethylhexyl methacrylate) copolymers. An energy transfer study. Macromolecules 33(16) 5850-5862. doi 10.1021/ma991832o... 

Sheng, J., Hu, J., Yuan, X.-B., Han, Y.-P., Li, F.-K., and Bian, D.-C. (1998) The study of polystyrene blends The relationship of phases and structure in blends of polystyrene with ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber and its grafted copolymer. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 70, 805-810. 

Holoubek J et al. Self-assembled structures in blends of block copolymer A-block-B with homopolymer A SAXS and SANS study. Macromol Chem Phys 2006 207(20) 1834-1841. 

Yamaguchi D, Shiratake S, Hashimoto T. Ordered structure in blends of block copolymers. 5. Blends of lamella-forming block copolymers showing both microphase separation involving unique morphological transitions and macrophase separation. Macromolecules 2000 33 8258-68. 

Roslaniec Z (1993) Dynamic mechanical and microcalorimetric studies on the phase structure in blends of two multiblock copolymers 1. Poly(ether-ester) and poly((ether-carbonate)-urethane) blends. Polymer 34 1249-1255. 

Because of this high sensitivity, TSC is ideally suited to investigating the detailed structure in blends and copolymers that have not been characterised satisfactorily by DMA and DEA [111, 112]. 

The philosophy of blending two polymers is to produce a material which has properties that are tailored to a certain performance level. Since the morphology and resultant physical properties are controlled to a large extent by the miscibility and phase behavior, it is quite easy to understand why there is so much interest in controlling the phase structure in blends. 

Berodier E. S. and K. L. Scrivener (2015). Evolution of the pore structure in blended systems . Cement and Concrete Research 73 25-35. 

Moreira M. (2011). Pore structure in blended cement pastes . PhD thesis. Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. 

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