Metastases colorectal

Cetuximab Erbitux Metastasized colorectal carcinoma (EGFR-positive) 2004... 

Fusai G, Davidson BR (2003b) Management of colorectal liver metastases. Colorectal Dis 5 2-23 Gazelle GS, Hunink MG, Kuntz KM, et al (2003) Cost-effectiveness of hepatic metastasectomy in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma a state-transition Monte Carlo decision analysis. Ann Surg 237 544-555 Gehan EA, Tefft MC (2000) Will there be resistance to the RECIST (response evaluation criteria in solid tumors) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 179-181... 

Treatment concepts for liver metastases are determined by the biology of tbe disease and, in the case of the disease being confined to the liver, by the number and topographic location of the metastases. Colorectal liver metastases are the most frequent indication for the use of regional treatment concepts for the liver. Liver metastases from other primary tumors, such as the breast, neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids), ocular melanoma, renal cell cancer, and sarcoma, have also been removed by treatment approaches confined to the liver with curative intent. 

Table 26.9. Systemic chemotherapy in metastasized colorectal cancer. 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil FA, folinic acid c.i., continuous infusion Oxa, oxaliplatin CPTll, irinotecan...

Liver metastases are the most common tumors in Europe and the United States and are 20 times more common than in Africa, Japan and Eastern countries. The liver is the most common site of metastasis. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of death in Western communities, outnumbered only by lung and breast cancer. At the time of death, approximately two-thirds of patients with colorectal cancer have liver metastases. Survival in metastatic liver disease depends on the extent of liver involvement and the presence of metastatic tumors. In several studies, liver metastases of colon carcinoma which were confined to one lobe and involved an area of less than 25% of the liver caused death in 6 months when untreated (Stangl et al. 1994). When 25-75% of the liver was involved, survival was 5.5 months and when more than 75% of the liver was involved, death occurred in 3.4 months. 

Gunther K, Leier J, Henning G, et al. Prediction of lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma by expression of chemokine receptor CCR7. Int J Oncol 2005 116 726-733. 

J. C. Byrd and R. S. Bresalier, Mucins and mucin binding proteins in colorectal cancer, Cancer Metastasis Rev., 23 (2004) 77-99. 

Approximately 20% of patients with colorectal cancer present with metastatic disease. The most common site of metastasis is the liver, followed by the lungs, and then bones. 

Human cancers vary widely in their ability to produce metastasis. At present, there are no reliable methods to predict metastatic potential. For optimum patient management, however, knowledge of the aggressiveness of a tumor is desirable when deciding which patients should receive adjuvant chemotherapy. This type of information is particularly important for axillary node-negative breast cancer and Dukes B colorectal cancer. 

J3. Jessup, J. M., and Thomas, P. C., Carcinoembryonic antigen Function in metastasis by human colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 8, 263-280 (1989). 

Nielsen BS, Jorgensen S, Fog JU et al (2011) High levels of microRNA-21 in the stroma of colorectal cancers predict short disease-fi ee smvival in stage 11 colon cancer patients. Clin Exp Metastasis 28 27-38... 

Marsh S, McKay JA, Curran S et al. Primary colorectal tumour is not an accurate predictor of thymidylate synthase in lymph node metastasis. Oncol Rep 2002 9 231-234. 

Okumura K, Shiomi H, Mekata E et al. Correlation between chemosensitivity and mRNA expression level of 5-fluorouraeil-related metabolic enzymes during liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Oncol Re 2006 15 875-882. 

Lou E, Marshall J, Aklilu M, Cole D, et al. 2006. A phase II study of active immunotherapy with PANVAC or autologous, cultured dendritic cells infected with PANVAC after complete resection of hepatic metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Clin Colorectal Cancer 5 ... 

Formation of regional lymph node metastasis can be an important step in dissemination of cancer cells. In colorectal cancer, lymph node metastasis frequently occurs in patients (7, 8) and is an important factor in staging the disease. In particular, the metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR number of metastatic lymph nodes/number of examined lymph nodes) is predictive of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in colorectal cancer patients (9, 10). Hence, an animal model of colorectal cancer with measurable lymphatic metastasis that allows for rapid evaluation of the effects of candidate treatment regimens on primary tumor growth and lymph node metastasis would be of great value. 

We have developed a firefly luciferase-expressing HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line, HT-29LP, to realize the benefits of BLI with an orthotopic colorectal cancer model. Primary tumors were established by implantation of HT-29LP cells into the submucosal layer of the rectum of mice, and tumor growth and lymph node metastasis were evaluated. A positive control treatment... 

Konno H, Abe J, Kaneko T, Baba M, Shoji A, Sunayama K, et al. Urokinase receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor are synergistically associated with the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res 2001 92(5) 516 523. 

Yonenaga Y, Mori A, Onodera H, Yasuda S, Oe H, Fujimoto A, et al. Absence of smooth muscle actin-positive pericyte coverage of tumor vessels correlates with hematogenous metastasis and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Oncology 2005 69 159-166. 

Heider, K. H., Hofmann, M., Hors, E., van den Berg, R, Ponta, H., Herrlich, P. and Pals, S. T. (1993b) A human homologue of the rat metastasis-associated variant of CD44 is expressed in colorectal carcinomas and adenomatous polyps. J. Cell Biol. 120, 227-233. 

Swallow, C. J., Murray, M. P. and Guillem, J. G. (1996). Metastatic colorectal cancer cells induce matrix metalloproteinase release by human monocytes. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 14, 3-11. 

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