Colorectal tumour

A. Hague, D. J. Elder, D. J. Hicks and C. Paraskeva, Apoptosis in colorectal tumour cells induction by the short chain fatty acids butyrate, propionate and acetate and by the bile salt deoxycholate, Int. J. Cancer, 1995, 60(3), 400. 

Takahashi K, Kohno T, Matsumoto S et al. Clonal and parallel evolution of primary lung cancers and their metastases revealed by molecular dissection of cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2001 3 - 20. Findlay MP, Cunningham D, Morgan G et al. Lack of correlation between thymidylate synthase levels in primary colorectal tumours and subsequent response to chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 1997 75 903-909. 

Marsh S, McKay JA, Curran S et al. Primary colorectal tumour is not an accurate predictor of thymidylate synthase in lymph node metastasis. Oncol Rep 2002 9 231-234. 

Wijnands MV, van Erk MJ, Doornbos RP, Krul CA, Woutersen RA. 2004. Do aberrant crypt foci have predictive value for the occurrence of colorectal tumours Potential of gene expression profiling in tumours. Food Chem Toxicol 42 1629-1639. 

Houghton JA, Taylor DM. Maintenance of biological and biochemical characteristics of human colorectal tumours during serial passage in immune-deprived mice. Br J Cancer 1978 37 199-212. 

Remvikos, Y., Tominaga, 0., Hammel, P Laurent-Puig, P., Salmon, R., Dutril-laux, B and Thomas, G. (1992) Increased p53 protein content of colorectal tumours correlates with poor survival. Br. J. Cancer 66, 758-764. 

In 2010 it was found that for human colorectal tumours grown in mice, under hypoxic conditions, DCA decreased rather than increased apoptosis, resulting in enhanced growth of the tumours. These findings suggest that at least in some cancer types DCA treatment could be detrimental to patient health, highlighting the need for further testing before it is considered a safe cancer treatment. 

We conclude from this that gastric acid reduction by gastric surgery does not result in increased risk for colorectal tumours [133]. 

Mullan FJ, Wilson HK, Majury CW et al (1990) Bile acids and the increased risk of colorectal tumours after truncal vagotomy. BrJSurg 77 1085-1090... 

Colorectal Cancer. Colorectal cancer occurs frequently in the UK population but is historically rare in Asia. Rates in Japan have, however, increased rapidly in recent years.Interestingly, there appears to be an association between oestrogen exposure and colon cancer risk has been shown to increase in women with increasing age of first live birth, and to decrease with increasing parity (number of children). In addition, many colon tumours express sex hormone receptors, and this is thought to play a part in development of the tumours. "... 

Since COX-2 is overexpressed in tumour cells, such as those of colorectal cancer, it was anticipated that selective COX-2 inhibitors may inhibit tumour growth. 

Cancer Elevated levels of AEA in glioblastomas, increased levels of 2-AG in meningiomas, elevated levels of both AEA and 2-AG in colorectal carcinoma, with possible anti-tumour action Inhibitors of degradation (both FAAH and cellular re-uptake)... 

Colorectal cancer is a well-established complication of ulcerative colitis (Lennard-Jones era/., 1990 Ekbom et al., 1990). It has been shown that inflammation enhances the formation of colonic tumours in experimental animals given known carcint ens (Chester etal., 1986) and it is tempting to speculate that the longterm inflammatory response is respronsible for the increased risk of malignancy in ulcerative colitis. However, there is very little direct evidence to support this. It has also been postulated that free radicals may play a part in the development of sporadic cancers (Babbs,... 

ADEPT strategies have been described but only the carboxypeptidase G2 approach has been tested in patients so far. In a phase I clinical trial, patients with non-resectable metastatic or locally recurrent colorectal carcinoma were treated with ADEPT. Carboxypeptidase G2 activity was found in metastatic tumour biopsies. The pro-drug was converted into the active drug but leakage into the bloodstream also occurred [22,144]. 

Elsaleh H, Joseph D, Grieu F, et al. Association of tumour site and sex with survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Lancet 2000 355(9217) 1745-1750. 

Tomozawa S, Tsuno NH, Sunami E, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression correlates with tumour recurrence, especially haematogenous metastases, of colorectal cancer. BrJ Cancer 2000 83 324-328. 

Colorectal cancer Tumours of the CNS Renal cell carcinoma Non-small-cell lung cancer... 

FU has been extensively used in the treatment of skin cancers and a variety of solid tumours, such as breast, colorectal and gastric cancers, usually via intravenous (i.v.) administration. Although this route is generally the most efficient and the least toxic, it is costly and inconvenient [87], Furthermore, treatment of cancer with 5-FU has been found to cause neurotoxic and cardiotoxic side effects. Toxicity also derives from the lack of selectivity of the drug towards tumours, and resistance can occur if the cell produces excess of dump, for competing with the drug in the active site [88]. 

Gilbert et al. (1990) identified 182 workers in Hawaii who had been continuously employed for at least three months during 1960-81 in the treatment of wood using various chemicals including pentachlorophenol. A search at the local tumour registry identified two registered cancers in the cohort, both of them colorectal. However, the expected numbers of cases were not calculated. 

Xylene was mentioned as an exposure in four studies. Two were community-based case-control studies, one of which involved brain cancer and one involved several types of cancer. The two industry-based studies were configured as nested case-control studies, one of central nervous system tumours and one of several sites. In none of these studies was xylene the sole or predominant exposure. Cancers at most sites were not significantly associated with xylene exposure in any study. Incidence of colorectal cancer was significantly elevated in the Canadian case-control study, but no other study reported colorectal cancer results. Hodgkin s disease was elevated in one study non-Hodgkin lymphoma was elevated in one study, but not in another. Most results were based on small numbers. In... 

Francis RJ, Sharma SK, Springer C, Green AJ, et al. 2002. A phase I trial of antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma or other CEA producing tumours. Br J Cancer. 87 600-607. 

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