Colorectal cancer metastasis

Hostetter RB, Augustus LB, Mankarious R, et al. Cardnoembryonic antigen as a selective enhancer of colorectal cancer metastasis. J Nad Cancer Inst 1990 82 380-85. 

Nakamori S, Kameyama M, Imaoka S, Furukawa H, Ishikawa O, Sasaki Y, Izumi Y, Irimura T. Involvement of carbohydrate antigen sialyl Lewis(x) in colorectal cancer metastasis. Dis Colon Rectum 1997 40 420-431. 

Fig. 2.1.6a,b. Multiplanar reformations from 3D CT data sets allow precise assessment of electrode positioning. Note the perfectly centred placement ofthe multi-tined RFA electrode in the coronal (a) and sagittal view (b) in a colorectal cancer metastasis (the hooks are not yet fully delpoyed)... 

Fig. 2.10a,b. Typical pattern of hypovascular colorectal cancer metastasis, a Lesion is hypodense on unenhanced image, b Lesion remains hypodense 60 s after i.v. administration of contrast medium... 

August DA, Ottow RT, Sugarbaker PH (1984) Clinical perspective of human colorectal cancer metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 3 303-324... 

Harvey, B. E., Toth, C. A., Wagner, H. E., Steele, G. D., and Thomas, P., 1992, Sialyltransferase activity and hepatic tumor growth in a nude mouse model of colorectal cancer metastasis. Cancer Res. 52 1775-1779. 

Irimura, T., Nakamori, S., Matsushita, Y., Taniuchi, Y., Todoroki, N., Tsuji, T., Izumi, Y., Ka-wamura, Y., Hoff, S. D., Cleary, K. R., and Ota, D. M., 1993, Colorectal cancer metastasis determined by carbohydrate-mediated cell adhesion Role of sialyl-Lex antigens. Cancer Biol. 4 319-324. 

J. C. Byrd and R. S. Bresalier, Mucins and mucin binding proteins in colorectal cancer, Cancer Metastasis Rev., 23 (2004) 77-99. 

Approximately 20% of patients with colorectal cancer present with metastatic disease. The most common site of metastasis is the liver, followed by the lungs, and then bones. 

Human cancers vary widely in their ability to produce metastasis. At present, there are no reliable methods to predict metastatic potential. For optimum patient management, however, knowledge of the aggressiveness of a tumor is desirable when deciding which patients should receive adjuvant chemotherapy. This type of information is particularly important for axillary node-negative breast cancer and Dukes B colorectal cancer. 

J3. Jessup, J. M., and Thomas, P. C., Carcinoembryonic antigen Function in metastasis by human colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 8, 263-280 (1989). 

Nielsen BS, Jorgensen S, Fog JU et al (2011) High levels of microRNA-21 in the stroma of colorectal cancers predict short disease-fi ee smvival in stage 11 colon cancer patients. Clin Exp Metastasis 28 27-38... 

Okumura K, Shiomi H, Mekata E et al. Correlation between chemosensitivity and mRNA expression level of 5-fluorouraeil-related metabolic enzymes during liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Oncol Re 2006 15 875-882. 

Lou E, Marshall J, Aklilu M, Cole D, et al. 2006. A phase II study of active immunotherapy with PANVAC or autologous, cultured dendritic cells infected with PANVAC after complete resection of hepatic metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Clin Colorectal Cancer 5 ... 

Formation of regional lymph node metastasis can be an important step in dissemination of cancer cells. In colorectal cancer, lymph node metastasis frequently occurs in patients (7, 8) and is an important factor in staging the disease. In particular, the metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR number of metastatic lymph nodes/number of examined lymph nodes) is predictive of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in colorectal cancer patients (9, 10). Hence, an animal model of colorectal cancer with measurable lymphatic metastasis that allows for rapid evaluation of the effects of candidate treatment regimens on primary tumor growth and lymph node metastasis would be of great value. 

We have developed a firefly luciferase-expressing HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line, HT-29LP, to realize the benefits of BLI with an orthotopic colorectal cancer model. Primary tumors were established by implantation of HT-29LP cells into the submucosal layer of the rectum of mice, and tumor growth and lymph node metastasis were evaluated. A positive control treatment... 

Konno H, Abe J, Kaneko T, Baba M, Shoji A, Sunayama K, et al. Urokinase receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor are synergistically associated with the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res 2001 92(5) 516 523. 

Yonenaga Y, Mori A, Onodera H, Yasuda S, Oe H, Fujimoto A, et al. Absence of smooth muscle actin-positive pericyte coverage of tumor vessels correlates with hematogenous metastasis and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Oncology 2005 69 159-166. 

Swallow, C. J., Murray, M. P. and Guillem, J. G. (1996). Metastatic colorectal cancer cells induce matrix metalloproteinase release by human monocytes. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 14, 3-11. 

In a retrospective analysis of a stndy of iV-phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartate (250 mg/m ) followed by weekly bolnses of flnoronracil (600-800 mg/m ) in 44 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, five of 17 patients with complete or partial responses to therapy developed transient ascites (with or withont associated hypoalbuminemia) compared with one of 27 withont snch a response (101). Other significant findings in some of the responders inclnded raised bihmbin concentrations and transaminase activities from metastasis. The anthors cautioned that the adverse effects observed do not necessarily represent disease progression. 

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