Meta databases

If users are inexperienced in searching for information, they should first consult search engines, meta-databases or portals (Table 5-6). Searchers who are familiar with databases may consult known databases (numeric databases, bibliographic databases, etc.) directly, being aware that they might miss new data sources (see Section 5.18). The reliability and quality of data are only given in peer-reviewed data sources. 

When a novel homology domain has been discovered, it is possible to store the corresponding domain descriptor (profile or HMM) in a number of dedicated domain databases, which can be used to analyze newly identified sequences for their domain content [9, 10]. Several competing domain- and motif-databases exist, including PROSITE, PFAM, SMART, and Superfam, which contain descriptors for most, if not all, of the known domains involved in the ubiquitin system [11-14]. Recently, a new meta-database named INTERPRO has been established, which tries to combine the descriptors of several domain databases under a single user interface [15]. Pointers to the very useful search engines of the domain databases are provided in Table 12.1. 

Laboratories should compile their concurrent control group results from reproductive and developmental toxicity studies to serve as historical control data, which is an essential tool for interpreting concurrent control data and apparent changes in treatment groups. Historical control data from other laboratories and meta-databases, such as the MARTA historical control database, can also be useful tools for investigators to appreciate the broader variability in controls, and can be used, albeit with caution, to supplement their... 

The warehouse itself contains several sub-meta databases that are queried during the processing of this request for extended situation analysis ... 

Ligand Info Small molecule meta-database which compiles various publicly available small molecule databases http //ligand.info/... 

ISS) and the integrated summary of efficacy (ISE). These analyses must be planned for just as if the combined database represented data from a new study. It is recommended that plans for meta-ana-lyses will be made at the time the individual studies are planned. This is not always possible, but it is the best way to ensure that the meta-database used for the analysis is coherent. For example, if the adverse events information is collected in two studies using different data collection forms, the combination of the individual databases may be difficult and some information may be lost. 

A database which contains information about other databases, e.g., profiles of the data they contain and information about usage and access conditions. A meta-database is used to select suitable information sources for a given problem. See Environmental Information Databases. 

These are databases that provide links to other databases or data sources. In this case, records describe objects that are other databases. The "Gale Directory of Databases" [14] is one of them. The connection between the databases flows through the meta-data of each database. 

In such tables, typical chemical shifts are assigned to standard structure fragments (e.g., protons in a benzene ring). Substituents in these blocks (e.g., substituents in ortho, meta, or para positions) are assumed to make independent additive contributions to the chemical shift. These additive contributions are listed in a second series of tables. Once the tables are defined, the method is easy to implement, does not require databases, and is extremely fast. Predictions for a molecule with 50 atoms can be made in less than a second. On the other hand, it requires that the parent structure and the substituents are tabulated, and it considers no interaction... 

Kranzler HR, Bauer LO, Hersh D, et al Carbamazepine treatment of cocaine dependence a placebo-controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 38 203-211, 1995 Levin FR, Lehman AF Meta-analysis of desipramine an adjunct in the treatment of cocaine addiction. J Clin Pharmacol 11 374-378, 1991 Lima MS, Reisser AA, Soares BG, et al Antidepressants for cocaine dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4 CD002950, 2001 Ling W, Shoptaw S, Majewska D Baclofen as a cocaine anti-craving medication a preliminary clinical study 0etter). Neuropsychopharmacology 18 403 04, 1998... 

Migrating only the raw data - the characters, numbers, bits, and bytes - forward is not enough to ensure usability. The meta data and the context for the application or database must also be migrated forward. Meta data are the code to the machine-stored bits and bytes. Meta data are the data about the data. They describe the data in the database. The meta data documentation describes the method of data capture, the application used to access the data, security rules for the tables and columns, and other descriptive and procedural information. For derived or calculated data, the algorithm or protocol that was used must be known. The documentation then becomes something else that must be preserved. Without the meta data, the reader will only see a series of alphabetic characters. Without the entire described context associated with the data, the data have no meaning. 

Cochrane Library. The Cochrane Library [44] includes The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, a collection of regularly updated, systematic reviews of the effects of health care. It is maintained by contributors to the Cochrane Collaboration. Cochrane reviews are reviews mainly of randomized controlled trials. To minimize bias, evidence is included or excluded on the basis of explicit quality criteria. Data are often combined statistically, with meta-analysis, to increase the power of the findings of numerous studies, each too small to produce reliable results individually. Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness is also included. It consists of critical assessments and structured abstracts of good systematic reviews published elsewhere. The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register with bibliographic information on controlled trials and other sources of information on the science of reviewing research and evidence-based health care are part of the Cochrane Library. It is commercially available on CD-ROM or the Internet. 

Editorial, A Double-Edged Sword , 2008.1 should also note that Nature, which is the primary journal of the Nature Publishing Group, responded to our meta-analysis with an excellent editorial on 6 March 2008. Citing the difficulties we had in obtaining access to complete data, they advocated a mandatory database that would provide access to the results of all trials clinical trials that are undertaken, not just those that are published. 

Each object has the ability to serialize itself and also to initialize itself from a serialized representation. If the programming language has a reflective facility, you can write a single piece of code to determine the structure of the object and perform serialization and initialization. Java serialization works this way. Of course, flat files do not provide any of the multi-user, concurrency, meta-data, schema evolution, transaction, and recovery facilities that a database provides. 

Sarcoma Meta-analysis Collaboration. Adjuvant chemotherapy for localised resectable soft tissue sarcoma in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1999. Issue 4. 

The rates of provocation of mania reported with SSRIs appear to be lower than rates with the TCAs and may therefore be a more appropriate therapeutic option in the treatment of depression in patients with bipolar disorder. It is of course difficult to distinguish the beneficial effect of a drug in relation to rare events, but the meta-analysis of the database of one of the SSRIs reported a switch rate of between 2% and 3%, which compares favorably with 11% reported with TCAs [S. A. Montgomery 1995d). 

Livesey, G., Taylor, R., Hulshof, T., Hewlett, J. (2008). Glycemic response and health - a systematie review and meta-analysis the database, study eharaeteristics, and maeronutrient intakes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87,223S-236S. 

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