Mesenchymal stromal cell

Osteoblasts are the primary cells responsible for bone formation. They are derived from mesenchymal (stromal) cells that first differentiate into pre-osteoblasts and then into mature, bone matrix producing osteoblasts. Inactivated or resting osteoblasts become lining cells and thus a reservoir for bone forming cells to be activated at the next remodelling cycle. Osteoblasts trapped and embedded in the mineralised matrix are called osteocyts, and are important for many properties of living bone. 

Extended biological investigations concerning structure-function studies were further initiated to evaluate the abilities of these clusters to inhibit Con A-induced membrane type-1-matrix metalloproteinase (MTl-MMP)-mediated pro-MMP-2 activation, cell death, and antiproliferative property in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC).83... 

S. Fortier, M. Touaibia, S. Lord-Dufour, J. Galipeau, R. Roy, and B. Annabi, Tetra- and hexavalent mannosides inhibit the pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative and cell surface clustering effects of concanavalin A Impact on MT1-MMP functions in marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, Glycobiology, 18 (2008) 195-204. 

The lymph node microenvironment represents a niche where CLL cells interact with different types of cells including monocyte-derived nurse-like cells (NLC), CD3+ CD4+ CD154+ T cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells (15). In addition to cell-cell interactions, CLL cells are also exposed to a variety of soluble factors such as antigens, cytokines, and chemokines (2). It is the combination of such signals that renders CLL cells less susceptible to chemotherapy and promotes clonal evolution and drug resistance. Thus, the role of the microenvironment needs to be carefully considered in order to develop novel and more effective therapies for CLL treatment (16). In particular, the efficacy of new drugs must be evaluated under experimental conditions that recapitulate (or at least partially mimic) the CLL microenvironment. 

GMP-COMPLIANT PROPAGATION OF HUMAN MULTIPOTENT MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS... 

Acronyms and Definitions Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Somatic Stem Cell Therapy Good Manufacturing Practice Cell-Based Medicinal Products Human Platelet Lysate... 

Dominici, M., Le Blanc, K., Mueler, I., et al. (2006), Minimal criteria for defining multi-potent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement, Cytotherapy, 8(4), 315-317. 

Muller, I., Kordowich, S., Holzwarth, C., et al. (2006), Animal serum-free culture conditions for isolation and expansion of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from human BM, Cytotherapy, 8(5), 437-444. 

Christina Bartmann, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, GMP-Compliant Propagation of Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells... 

Vulliet PR, Greeley M, Halloran SM, MacDonald KA, Kittleson MD. Intra-coronary arterial injection of mesenchymal stromal cells and microinfarction in dogs. Lancet 2004 363 783-784. 

S. Danti, D. D Alessandro, A. Pietrabissa, M. Petrini, S. Berrettini, Development of tissue-engineered substitutes of the ear ossicles PORP-shaped poly(propylene fumarate)-based scaffolds cultured with human mesenchymal stromal cells. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 92 (4) (2010) 1343-1356, doi 10.1002/jbm.a.32447. 

In other experience, it was proven that transplantation of intrathecal and intravenous administration of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (also called mesenchymal stromal cells) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a clinically feasible and relatively safe procedure and induces immediate immimomodulatory effects [90]. 

Byeon, Y.E., R3fu, H.H., Park, S.S., Koyama, Y., Kikuchi, M., et al., 2010. Paracrine effect of canine allogenic umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells mixed with beta-tricalcium phosphate on bone regeneration in ectopic implantations. C3hotherapy 12, 626—636. Available from http //dx.doi.org/10.3109/14653249.2010.481665. 

Xin, H., Li, Y., Cui, Y., Yang, J.J., Zhang, Z.G., Chopp, M., 2013. Systemic administration of exosomes released from mesenchymal stromal cells promote functional recovery and neurovascular plasticity after stroke in rats. J. Cerebral Blood Flow Metab. 33, 1711-1715, PMID 23963371. 

Seih F P, Prewitz M, Werner C and Bomhauser M (2009), Matrix elasticity regulates the secretory profile of human bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (mscs) , Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 389, 663-7. 

Salem, H.K., Thiemermann, C. Mesenchymal stromal cells Current understanding and clinical status. Stem Cells 28, 585-596 (2010)... 

Bovine caipometacarpal joint (trabecular bone) Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) + sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)+DNase and RNase treatments Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) (ceU line H9), human iPSCs (cell lines 11c, 1013A, and BCI) NA de Peppo et al. (2013), Grayson et al. (2008, 2011), Maroltet al. (2012), FrohUch et al. (2010)... 

Porcine femur (cortical bone), and costa (trabecular bone) Hydrostatically pressurized at 980MPa+DNase treatment Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) NA Hashimoto et al. (2011)... 

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) Triton X-lOO-rNH H-t DNase hMSCs Macroporous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold fabricated by gas foaming/ particulate leaching method Rat Decaris et al. (2012a)... 

Kanaya A, Deie M, Adachi N, Nishimori M, YanadaS, Ochi M (2007) Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stromal cells in partially tom santerior cmciate ligaments in a rat model. Arthroscopy 23(6) 610-617... 

Wang, L., et al. 2010. Osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in polyglycolic acid scaffolds. Tissue Engineering Part A 16(6) 1937-1948. 

Primary mesenchymal stromal cells (mouse) Porous silicon generated by dry etching Hajj-Hassan in Xep2. Cells show good viability on et al. (2011) the porous silicon surface ... 

Hajj-Hassan M, Khayyat-Kholghi M, Wang H, Chodavarapu V, Janet E (2011) Henderson response of murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to dry-etched porous silicon scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 99A 269-274... 

Salerno et al. cocultured human hepatocytes with human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) on a polyetheretherketone PU membrane to promote vascularization of an in vitro engineered liver tissue [102]. There was improved hepatocyte function and the formation of luminal structures occurred within 3 days of coculture on the PU versus hepatocyte-only samples [102]. Another study demonstrated that coculturing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with hepatocytes greatly reduced the secretion of stress enzymes by the hepatocytes and that the cells attached better to nanoflber PU versus unstructured PU [103]. 

Marekova D, Lesny P, Jendelova P, Michalek J, Kostecka P, Pradny M, et al. Hepato-cyte growth on polycapronolactone and 2-hydroxyethyhnethacrylate nanoflber sheets enhanced by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Hepatogastroenterology July-August 2013 60(125) 1156-63. 

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