Structure-function studies

Extended biological investigations concerning structure-function studies were further initiated to evaluate the abilities of these clusters to inhibit Con A-induced membrane type-1-matrix metalloproteinase (MTl-MMP)-mediated pro-MMP-2 activation, cell death, and antiproliferative property in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC).83... 

The absence of a high-resolution structure of any transporter in the NT family greatly complicates the interpretation of structure-function studies. The recent identification of the bacterial and archaeal transporters and their potential suitability for direct structural studies raises the exciting prospect of being able to test specific structural hypotheses related to transport. In the meantime, the use of the numbering scheme introduced here in a context of predicted structural properties should facilitate communication among researchers on different members of the transporter family as the mechanistic details are being probed. 

MANAGING THE INFORMATION FROM STRUCTURE-FUNCTION STUDIES MUTATION DATABASES... 

Kaback H. R. (1998). Structure/function studies on the lactose permease of Escherichia coli, Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 643, 163, 21-33. 

Blostein, R. (1999). Jeanne Mannery Fisher Memorial Lecture 1998. Structure-function studies of the sodium pump, Biochem. Cell Biol., 77, 1-10. 

Pecheur El, et al. Membrane fusion induced by 11-mer anionic and cationic peptides a structure-function study. Biochemistry 1998 37 2361. 

Tripp BC, Ferry JG. 2000. A structure-function study of a proton transport pathway in a novel gamma-class carbonic anhydrase from Methanosarcina thermophila. Biochemistry 39 9232 0. 

Src is the prototype of the superfamily of protein tyrosine kinases and was one of the first protein kinases to be characterized by various genetic, cellular, and structure-function studies to help imderstand its role in signal transduction pathways as well as in disease processes, including cancer, osteoporosis, and both tumor- and inflammation-mediated bone loss [28-38]. In fact, studies on Src provided some of the first evidence correlating protein kinase activity and substrate protein phosphorylation in the regulation of signal transduction pathways relative to normal cellular activity as well as mahgnant transformations. Src family kinases include Fyn, Yes, Yrk, Blk, Fgr, Hck, Lyn,... 

In an effort to overcome some of these difficulties and to provide the beginnings of a rational approach to the design of hormone analogs, we have utilized conformational and topographical restriction of peptide hormone and neurotransmitter structures. In this approach, we have attempted to make use where possible of classical structure-function studies, to Interpret the results from these studies In terms of specific conformational parameters which may be Involved In the observed rela-... 

It was known from the work of Richards that RNase A could be cleaved between residues 20 and 21 by digestion with subtilisin. 29 The N-terminal 20-residue peptide (S-peptide) could be separated from the 104-residue 21-124 protein (S-protein), and each was enzymatically inactive however, when they were mixed in a 1 1 ratio, full RNase activity was regenerated even though the covalent bond between residues 20 and 21 was not re-formed. This finding was the basis for a great many structure/function studies by the synthesis of analogues of the S-peptide and their noncovalent recombination with natural S-protein.13"31 ... 

Several nucleotides that were more effective inhibitors than the originally tested AZT nucleotides were identified [71]. For example, the L-enantiomers of 5-fluoro-2, 3 -dideoxycytidine monophosphate and triphosphate inhibit 3 processing and strand transfer with IC50 values of 40 pM. A structure-function study on GT-containing oligonucleotides showed that both the number of quartets formed and the loop sequences between the quartets are important for activity, and that inhibitors of this type may function by interacting with the N-terminus of integrase [72]. 

Structure-function studies of IFN-y carried out using the synthetic peptide approach and site-specific antibodies indicated that both the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein were not only functionally important, but also accessible at the surface of the molecule. The x-ray crystal structure of human IFN-y has been determined and reveals that in the IFN-y homodimer both the N- and the... 

Pontzer CH, Ott TL, Bazer FW, Johnson HM. Structure/function studies with interferon tau Evidence for multiple active sites. J Interferon Res 1994 14 133-141. 

Rubio, V. Cervera, J. The carbamoyl-phosphate synthase family and carbamate kinase structure-function studies. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 23, 879-883 (1995)... 

B. K. Brandley, M. Kiso, S. Abbas, P. Nikrad, O. Srivastava, C. Foxall, Y. Oda, and A. Hasegawa, Structure-function studies of seleciin carbohydrate ligands. Modification to fucose, sialic acid and sulphate as a sialic acid replacement, Glycobiology 3 633 (1993),... 

DNA sequence information is the starting point for other applications, including the expression of a gene product, the search for related sequences in biological samples, in vitro mutagenesis of the sequence, and structure—function studies of gene expression. 

CD in general is a useful tool for examining proteins made by site-directed mutagenesis for structure-function studies, where it is important to know to what extent the conformation has been... 

Li H, Llera A, Mariuzza RA. 1998. Structure function studies of T cell receptor-superantigen interactions. Immunol Rev. 163 177-186. 

---