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Poly Propylene Fumarate PPF

PPF is soluble in methylene chloride, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, ethanol, and ethyl acetate it is partially soluble in toluene and insoluble in petroleum or water. Degradation can occur by hydrolytic chain scission of its ester groups. [Pg.60]

The main by-products obtained on degradation of PPF are propylene glycol and fumaric acid. Owing to its biocompatibilty, these products can be easily removed from the body. The main characteristic of PPF is injectabihty into the body. The polymer becomes easy to handle as it is in the Hquid form before cross-linking. It can also easily produce asymmetrically formed implants by injection molding. This characteristic makes it appropriate for the orthopedic implant in minimally persistent procedures [15]. [Pg.60]

Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF)-based bone cement... [Pg.78]

Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) networks, which are formed by the reaction of PPF with a crosslinker and initiator, have been investigated as an injectable orthopedic biomaterial. While a number of crosslinkers, such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, have been... [Pg.362]

Photo-cross-linkable synthetic polymers can be summarized under seven main groups polyanhydrides, poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene fumarates) (PPFs), poly (a-hydroxy esters), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly (P-amino esters), and miscellaneous polymers. Photo-cross-linkable natural polymers include collagen and gelatin and polysaccharides. The details of these systems and their applications are given in Section 9.22.3. [Pg.418]

The following polyesters are based on fumaric acid, a naturally occurring substance found in the Krebs cycle [8]. Three types of fumarate-based polymers are discussed poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) (P(PF-co-EG)), and oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF). [Pg.945]

Poly(Propylene Fumarate) (PPF) is a linear, unsaturated, hydrophobic polyester (Structure 12) containing hydrolyzable ester bonds along its backbone. PPF is highly viscous at room temperature and is soluble in chloroform, methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, alcohol, and ethyl acetate [66]. The double bonds of PPF can form chemical crosslinks with various monomers, such as W-vinyl pyrrolidone, poly(ethylene glycol)-dimethacrylate, PPF-diacrylate (PPF-DA), and diethyl fumarate [67,68]. The choice of monomer and radical initiator directly influence the degradative and mechanical properties of the crosslinked polymer. Once crosslinked, PPF forms a solid material with mechanical properties suitable for a range of bone engineering applications. [Pg.946]

L enantiomer of poly(lactic acid) poly(propylene fumarate) PPF-diacrylate... [Pg.947]

Abstract A review is presented of the main types of bioresorbable or bioabsorbable materials used in medical applications such as drug delivery. Groups discussed include aliphatic polyesters, polyanhydrides, poly(ortho esters) (POE), polyphosphazenes, poly(amino acids) and pseudo poly(amino acids), polyalkylcyanoacrylates, poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), poloxamers, poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). [Pg.3]

Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) is an unsaturated linear polyester and degrades into fumaric acid and propylene glycol, which are both biocompatible compounds (Fig. 1.28). PPF can be subjected to crosslinking with a vinyl monomer, because of the presence of a double bond of the fumarate. This material has been tested for bone repair surgery (Domb et al., 1997). [Pg.24]

The development of fumarate-based polyesters for biomedical applications started around 20 years ago. Fumaric acid is a natural metabolite involved in Krebs cycle, and is comprised of a reactive double bond available for chemically crosslinking reactions. These characteristics make fumaric acid a candidate building block for crosslinkable polymers. The first and most comprehensively investigated fumarate-based copolymer is the biodegradable copolyester poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) (Fig. 6.8). ... [Pg.131]

Poly(a-hydroxy acids), poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), and their copolymers Perhaps the most heavily researched types of synthetic biopolymers are PLA, PGA, their copolymers PLGA, PCL, poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), and PHB (Seal et al., 2001). The poly(a-hydroxy acids), including PLA and PGA are broken down to their monomeric units lactic acid and glycolic acid through hydrolysis of the ester bonds in their backbones. These breakdown products are then simply cleared by natural metabolic pathways. To maintain the hydrolytic stability of the ester bond as well... [Pg.397]

Injectable polymers used as bone scaffolds are composed of cross-linked networks, which degrade through several mechanisms. Degradation of these networks primarily relies on the nature and location of the degradable groups and cross-linkable moieties. In the case of poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and poly(ethylene glycol maleate citrates) (PEGMC), the cross-linkable and... [Pg.423]

See other pages where Poly Propylene Fumarate PPF is mentioned: [Pg.592]    [Pg.352]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.369]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.8552]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.250]    [Pg.412]    [Pg.413]    [Pg.171]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.592]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.196]    [Pg.541]    [Pg.59]    [Pg.59]    [Pg.433]    [Pg.437]    [Pg.861]    [Pg.961]    [Pg.1304]   


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