Meconium

KInder-balsam, m. soothing sirup, -emah-rung, /. infant feeding child nutrition, -iahmung, / infantile paralysis, -mehl, n. (powdered) infant food, -nahrmittei, n. infant food, -pech, n. meconium, -pulver, n. (Pharm.) compound powder of rhubarb, -schleim, m., -schmiere, /. vernix caseosa. -seife, /. nursery soap. 

Gastrointestinal involvement may present initially as small bowel obstruction shortly after birth (known as meconium ileus) due to abnormally thick meconium that cannot be passed. Older CF patients may develop distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), formerly called meconium ileus equivalent, which occurs due to fecal impaction in the terminal ileum and cecum. 

Other complications may include gastroesophageal reflux, dysmotility, intussusception, volvulus, atresia, rectal prolapse, and complications related to corrective surgery for meconium ileus.6... 

Intestinal obstruction may be manifested as meconium ileus, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, or intussusception on abdominal x-ray or computed tomography scan. Rectal prolapse may be noted on physical exam. 

Treatment of distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) consists of oral or nasogastric administration of polyethylene glycol electrolyte (PEG) solutions. Enemas may also be used to facilitate stool clearance. IV fluids are often required to correct dehydration due to vomiting or decreased oral intake. Re-evaluation of enzyme compliance and dosing is essential to prevent further episodes. Patients with recurrent symptoms may require daily PEG administration (Miralax ).5 Severe presentations of DIOS or initial meconium ileus may require surgical resection. 

Birth asphyxia Hypothermia Meconium or amniotic fluid aspiration Necrotizing enterocolitis Respiratory distress syndrome Shock Obstetrics Abortion... 

Meconium The first intestinal discharge or stool of a newborn infant, usually green in color and consisting of epithelial cells, mucus, and bile. 

Zhao G, Xu Y, Li W, Han G, Ling B (2007) Prenatal exposures to persistent organic pollutants as measured in cord blood and meconium from three localities of Zhejiang, China. Sci Total Environ 377(2-3) 179-191. doi 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.006... 

Gal-(l — 4>/K31cNAc-(l — 6>a-GalNAc Meconium and Smith degraded ovarian cyst only... 

For novel oligosaccharides for which H-n.m.r. data have not previously been documented in the literature, it is necessary to supplement the H-n.m.r. data with composition, sequence, and linkage information provided by chromatographic and m.s. analyses. An illustrative example is the characterization of the following oligosaccharide of the glycopeptides of fetal gastrointestinal mucins of meconium (74) ... 

Comparison of the H N.m.r. Chemical Shifts (p.p.m. from 4,4-Dimethyl-4-silapentane-l-sulfonate at 295 K) of a Tetrasaccharide and Related Hexasaccharide from Meconium Glycoproteins (73-75)... 

Although data on other sulfated oligosaccharides are not so extensive, it has been shown, for example, that sulfation at 0-3 of galactose in O-linked chains of meconium (76) and N-linked chains of porcine thyroglobulin (107) increases the chemical shift of H-l of Gal by 0.116 ppm ( 0.001 ppm). 

The standard urine immunoassay for detection of cocaine (23a) abuse during the gestation period of newborn babies was frequently found to yield negative results in cases where positive results were shown by extraction of meconium with a solvent, followed by HPLC. The drug and metabolites such as norcocaine (23b) and cocaethyline (23c) were detected140. See Section IV.C for an alternative analysis of cocaine. 

There have been no measurements of the levels of 1,4-dichlorobenzene or its metabolites in amniotic fluid, meconium, cord blood, or neonatal blood to investigate prenatal exposure. Consumption of breast milk can potentially expose nursing infants to 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Dichlorobenzene (all isomers) was detected in 100% of 42 samples of human breast milk collected in 5 urban areas of the United States at concentrations ranging from 0.04-68 ppb however, concentrations of 1,4-dichlorobenzene were not specified (Erickson et al. 1980). Dichlorobenzene (all isomers) was also identified in human breast milk in 8 of 12 women who were residents of Bayonne, New Jersey (6 women) Jersey City, New Jersey (2 women) Bridgeville, Pennsylvania (2 women) and Baton Rouge, Louisiana (2 women) however, concentrations of... 

Specific information on the exposure of children to chlorine dioxide and chlorite (ions or salts) was not located. Like adults, the primary route of exposure for children will be from drinking water. Water consumption among children is higher on a proportional body weight basis than for adults. Therefore, children may have a higher exposure to chlorine dioxide and chlorite (ions or salts). Other sources of exposure to chlorine dioxide and chlorite (ions or salts) will not be significant. Chlorine dioxide and chlorite (ions or salts) are reactive chemicals and will not be found in amniotic fluid, meconium, neonatal blood, or breast milk. 

The potential role of the RIA technique in the analysis of BAs was investigated some time ago in a study about the development of a method for the detection of 3/I-hy-droxy-5-cholenoic acid [41]. This technique was considered by the authors to be important in the evaluation of oxidation of the cholesterol side chain, a minor pathway of BA biosynthesis. 3/THydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was found in human meconium [42] and in amniotic fluid [43], suggesting an important role in foetal life. In healthy subjects this compound was found in urine [44] but not in serum [45]. The kidney probably excretes it and its serum concentration is too low to be detected. The aim of this report was to provide a new method for the investigation of the role of 3/T hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid in cholestatic disease. 

Back P, Ross (1973) Identification of 3/ -hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid in human meconium. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 354 83-89... 

A systematic review of the use of misoprostol for induction of labor has been published (16). The meta-analysis included all randomized clinical trials registered in the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. Vaginal misoprostol was associated with increased uterine hyperstimulation, both without fetal heart changes (RR = 1.67 Cl = 1.30, 2.14) and with associated fetal heart rate changes (RR = 1.45 Cl = 1.04, 2.04). There was also an increase in meconium-stained amniotic fluid (RR = 1.38 Cl = 1.06,1.79). 

Detection of specific proteins in the meconium of babies8. The presence of these proteins can be an indication for muco-viscidosis. Owing to limited precision and accuracy, however, if the test is positive, further experiments should be carried out before a diagnosis is made. 

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-Environmental Protection Agency Centers for Children s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Twelve centers established to conduct observational studies of environmental exposures of children. Centers are collecting a variety of human tissue and samples, including urine, breast milk, peripheral blood, cord blood, meconium, vernix, saliva, hair, placental tissue (Eskenazi et al. 2005). 

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