Meconium aspiration

There are also several examples of natural surfactants and foams in the human body. The understanding of the pulmonary surfactant system, although discovered in 1929, has only been applied clinically since about 1990 for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Surfactant replacement therapy may also be used in treating other forms of lung disease, such as meconium aspiration syndrome, neonatal pneumonia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia [881]. Lung surfactant, composed of phospholipids and proteins [882,883], is necessary to maintain a low surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface. When there is a deficiency of surfac-... 

An infant with persistent fetal circulation treated with tolazoline developed gastric ulceration and perforation (1). The first symptoms occurred 14 hours after the start of therapy, and there was free air in the abdomen 34 hours later. Duodenal perforation also occurred in a 31-hour-old infant with meconium aspiration treated with tolazoline for 6 hours the defect required surgical correction (2). 

Despite the high success rates, 20% of neonates fail to respond to treatment. Factors associated with poor response inclnde sepsis, pnenmonia, PDA, congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, meconium aspiration, and pulmonary hypoplasia. - Whether retreatment of RDS with surfactant after resolution of these factors is nsefnl is currently unknown. 

PPHN is associated with diverse cardiopulmonary disorders, including asphyxia, sepsis, meconium aspiration syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, respiratory distress syndrome, lung hypoplasia, and others, or can... 

Meconium aspiration Serious physical assault or aggression... 

ECMO is considered a standard therapy for the treatment of respiratory failure in neonatal patients (Anderson and Bartlett, 2000). In adult and pediatric patients, it is a treatment of last resort for individuals who would otherwise die despite maximal therapy (Anderson and Bartlett, 2000 Bartlett et al., 2000). Even in neonatal cases, ECMO is a therapy reserved for those patients with severe respiratory compromise and a high risk of death who are failing traditional ventilator-based interventions. Common causes of respiratory failure in the neonatal population that are treatable with ECMO support include pneumonia or sepsis, meconium aspiration syndrome, respiratory distress syndrome, persistent fetal circulation, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (Anderson and Bartlett, 2000). Contraindications to ECMO support include root causes that are unresolvable, such as a major birth defect or genetic abnormality, and comorbid conditions such as intracranial hemorrhage or fetal underdevelopment that suggest a poor outcome (Anderson and Bartlett, 2000). Indications for ECMO use in the pediatric and adult populations are not dissimilar from those of the neonate, but... 

Wiswell TE, Bent RC. Meconium staining and the meconium aspiration syndrome unresolved issues. Pediatr Clin North Am 1993 40 955-981. 

Wiswell TE, Tuggle JM, Turner BS. Meconium aspiration syndrome have we made a difference Pediatrics 1990 85 715-721. 

Dye T, Aubry R, Gross S, Artal R. Amniotransfusion and the intrauterine prevention of meconium aspiration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994 171 1601-1605. 

Durand, M., Snyder, J.R., Gangitano, E., and Wu, P.Y. 1990. Oxygenation index in patients with meconium aspiration Conventional and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. Crit Care Med 18 373-77. 

Birth asphyxia Hypothermia Meconium or amniotic fluid aspiration Necrotizing enterocolitis Respiratory distress syndrome Shock Obstetrics Abortion... 

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