Meconium, human

There have been no measurements of the levels of 1,4-dichlorobenzene or its metabolites in amniotic fluid, meconium, cord blood, or neonatal blood to investigate prenatal exposure. Consumption of breast milk can potentially expose nursing infants to 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Dichlorobenzene (all isomers) was detected in 100% of 42 samples of human breast milk collected in 5 urban areas of the United States at concentrations ranging from 0.04-68 ppb however, concentrations of 1,4-dichlorobenzene were not specified (Erickson et al. 1980). Dichlorobenzene (all isomers) was also identified in human breast milk in 8 of 12 women who were residents of Bayonne, New Jersey (6 women) Jersey City, New Jersey (2 women) Bridgeville, Pennsylvania (2 women) and Baton Rouge, Louisiana (2 women) however, concentrations of... 

The potential role of the RIA technique in the analysis of BAs was investigated some time ago in a study about the development of a method for the detection of 3/I-hy-droxy-5-cholenoic acid [41]. This technique was considered by the authors to be important in the evaluation of oxidation of the cholesterol side chain, a minor pathway of BA biosynthesis. 3/THydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was found in human meconium [42] and in amniotic fluid [43], suggesting an important role in foetal life. In healthy subjects this compound was found in urine [44] but not in serum [45]. The kidney probably excretes it and its serum concentration is too low to be detected. The aim of this report was to provide a new method for the investigation of the role of 3/T hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid in cholestatic disease. 

Back P, Ross (1973) Identification of 3/ -hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid in human meconium. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 354 83-89... 

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-Environmental Protection Agency Centers for Children s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Twelve centers established to conduct observational studies of environmental exposures of children. Centers are collecting a variety of human tissue and samples, including urine, breast milk, peripheral blood, cord blood, meconium, vernix, saliva, hair, placental tissue (Eskenazi et al. 2005). 

There are also several examples of natural surfactants and foams in the human body. The understanding of the pulmonary surfactant system, although discovered in 1929, has only been applied clinically since about 1990 for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Surfactant replacement therapy may also be used in treating other forms of lung disease, such as meconium aspiration syndrome, neonatal pneumonia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia [881]. Lung surfactant, composed of phospholipids and proteins [882,883], is necessary to maintain a low surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface. When there is a deficiency of surfac-... 

Gray TR, Shakleya DM, Huestis MA (2009) A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of 20 drugs of abuse and metabolites in human meconium. Anal Bioanal Chem 393 1977-1990... 

Compounds 27 and 28 are diantennary, monosialo oligosaccharides that could be obtained in a mixture from the urine of a patient with sialidosis,72 as well as from new-bom, human meconium.76 The 500-MHz, H-n.m.r. spectrum of such a mixture containing 27 and 28 in the ratio of 11 9 is presented in Fig. 23. The n.m.r. data are listed in Table IX. 

Hounsell EF, Lawson AM, Feeney J, Gooi HC, Pickering NJ, Stoll MS, Lui SC, Feizi T. Structural analysis of the O-glycosidically linked core region oligosaccharides of human meconium glycoproteins which express oncofetal antigens. Eur. J. Biochem. 1985 148(2) 367-377. 

The analysis of cocaine and some of its metabolites in meconium and human urine was reported [86-88]. The analysis in mecoiuum was directed at finding an appropriate diagnostic marker for neonatal cocaine exposure [86]. For human urine analysis of these basic compounds, the use of a pentafluorophenylpropyl rather than a C,8 column has been proposed 12-fold better signals were obtained due to the improved peak shape [88]. In most cases, ESI ionization in combination with SRM is applied. Typical limits of quantification are in the range of 1-5 ng/ml or ng/g. 

Zielenski J, Corey M, Rozmahel R, Markiewicz D, Aznarez I, Casals T, et al. Detection of cystic fibrosis modifier locus for meconium ileus on human chromosome 19ql3. Nat Genet 1999 22 128-9. 

Subsequently, a number of other compounds isolated from natural products were related to neuraminic acid by formation, from them, of its mono-methoxy derivative. These included prehemataminic acid from erythrocytes, gynaminic acid from human milk and meconium, lactaminic acid... 

Lactotetraosylceramide, on the other hand, has only been chemically identified in the human gastrointestinal tract, i.e., in the gastric epithelium [32], in human meconium [56], and in the small intestine of one individual after surgery for peptic ulcer disease [57],... 

Human urine and meconium Gastric contents from neonates with high intestinal obstruction... 

In 1971, Makino et al. found that considerable amounts of 3jS-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid were excreted in urine of children with extrahepatic biliary atresia [111]. Since then, the unsaturated C24 bile acid has been identified in human meconium [112,113], amniotic fluid [114,115], gallbladder bile from premature and term infants [116], urine from children and adults, both healthy and with liver disease [82,117], and bile and feces from newborn and fetal guinea pigs [118]. The natural occurrence of 3j8-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid suggests that the side chain of cholesterol is degraded before modification of the steroid ring system (Chapter 9). 

Dihydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid has been found as a minor bile acid in human meconium [113] and urine [82], and 7a,12a-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid in gastric contents from neonates with high intestinal obstruction [110]. 

Bile acids identified from (A) human urine, or (B) human meconium... 

Heroin or its metabolites have been identified in various biological matrices including plasma, urine, and saliva collected from human subjects administered heroin hair and sweat collected from heroin users urine, vitreous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid collected from cadavers whose death was due to narcotic intoxication and meconium collected from infants with prenatal exposure to heroin. Frequently, only morphine is assayed because of the instability of heroin and 6-acetylmorphine in blood, plasma, and... 

Kintz P, Jamey C, Cirimele V, Brenneisen R, Ludes B (1998) Evaluation of acetylcodeine as a specific marker of illicit heroin in human hair. J Anal Toxicol 22 425-429 Gareri J, Klein J, Keren G (2006) Drugs of abuse testing in meconium. Clin Chim Acta 366 101-111... 

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