Periods defined

The ability of a GC column to theoretically separate a multitude of components is normally defined by the capacity of the column. Component boiling point will be an initial property that determines relative component retention. Superimposed on this primary consideration is then the phase selectivity, which allows solutes of similar boiling point or volatility to be differentiated. In GC X GC, capacity is now defined in terms of the separation space available (11). As shown below, this space is an area determined by (a) the time of the modulation period (defined further below), which corresponds to an elution property on the second column, and (b) the elution time on the first column. In the normal experiment, the fast elution on the second column is conducted almost instantaneously, so will be essentially carried out under isothermal conditions, although the oven is temperature programmed. Thus, compounds will have an approximately constant peak width in the first dimension, but their widths in the second dimension will depend on how long they take to elute on the second column (isothermal conditions mean that later-eluting peaks on 2D are broader). In addition, peaks will have a variance (distribution) in each dimension depending on... 

The motion of a vibrational WP is characterized by its classical vibrational period defined as [37, 44]... 

Mulcahy and Ridge (39) considered the kinetics of the oxidation of propylene in some detail. Both formaldehyde and acetaldehyde shorten the induction period, defined as the time between introduction of the reactants and appreciable pressure change. Table III shows the effect of both added formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. There is essential agreement between the results of Bawn and Skirrow, and Mulcahy and Ridge, on the effect of the aldehydes, with acetaldehyde being much the greater. Mulcahy and... 

Official quality parameters comprise acidity, peroxide value, halogenated solvents, ultraviolet adsorption and sensory assessment. In addition to these official parameters important roles and high values are attributed to the content of the chlorophyll and carotene pigments and phenol antioxidants, as well as to the correlated induction time value. The significance of olive oil quality parameters is explained in Table 2.1. The phenol content and the related induction period, defined as the delay in the commencement of oxidation in an oil , merits particular comment the longer the induction period, the better the oil. Resistance... 

All the parameters (flow rates, columns size, and shift period) defining a first SMB are thus known. This SMB is probably able to supply adequate purities with an interesting productivity, but is not fully optimized. 

EMIR) Equivalent maximum investment period defined by Eq. (9-55) Year r... 

Contracts should specify that the outsourcing company will maintain historical records for a retention period defined by the pharmaceutical and healthcare company. Means to ensure timely record retrieval also need to be established. Among other activities, record retrieval will be required to support ... 

Are retention periods defined for system documentation in line with the site/function record retention schedule ... 

Reactor nitric acid-washed pyrex. Induction period defined as intercept on the time axis of the tangent to the pressure—time curve at the maximum rate. 

The Co11 complexes obtained by eq 38 may interact with other products of the reaction such as HC1. While cobalt porphyrins are generally unaffected by counterions and byproducts, cobaloximes show complicated patterns of reactivity. When Co111—Cl cobaloxime catalysts are re-isolated after catalysis, stoichiometric chloride is obtained despite the conclusion that the catalysts had passed through a Co11, halide-free state. For Co111—Cl cobaloxime catalysts, there is an induction period defined stoichiometrically... 

Tim Harmonic mean reduced period (defined in Table 17.9), dimensionless p Fluid density, kg/m3, lbm/ft3... 

In some systems, particularly at low supersaturation, another time lag may be observed. To distinguish it from the induction period, defined above as the point at which crystals are first detected in the system, the term latent period will be used, and is defined here as the onset of a significant change in the system, e.g. the occurrence of massive nucleation or some clear evidence of substantial solution desupersaturation. 

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