Operations expert

Because of the high level of automation and instrument control, many modem analytical LC/UV/MS instmments have open-access software that enables non-trained users to use the system. In essence, such software needs only to be developed by expert users but once complete, will allow inexperienced personnel to operate the instmment and generate their own data reports without any intervention by trained operators. Trained operators/expert users are only required for system maintenance, troubleshooting, etc. This software gives the appearance that the system is easy to use and also does not require the user to set any operating parameters. Although not fully developed in either case yet, we are currently working on such software for both the autoprep and MS-prep systems. 

WOOLY is a fully operable expert system in the area of wool dyeing. It was developed at Sandoz Ltd Switzerland for the dyestuff departments of the parent company and its subsidiaries as well as for external technicians and clients of Sandoz Ltd. The system supports 5 languages (German, English, French, Italian and Spanish) and is now in use all over the world. 

The standard requires that at least one of the investigators should be knowledgeable in the process. Usually, this expertise will be provided by a process or operations expert who works on the unit being audited. If the audit is large and/or complex, specialists can be called in to review specific areas, such as electrical or instrumentation systems. 

The operations expert is a very important team member. He will know the unit in great detail and will be able to explain how things really work around here. He will also have knowledge of past incidents, including those that were not necessarily serious enough to be reported within the Incident Investigation process, but which nevertheless can provide useful pointers to the hazards analysis team. 

The only drawback to the experience of the operations expert is that they may have trouble thinking broadly. They know the unit so well that they cannot visualize any other type of operation other than what they have seen. 

Steering Committee Project Manager Project Lead Operations Expert(s)... 

The interviewer-writer asks the experts how they operate their facility. The questioning can be quite open-ended and relatively unstructured. Once the knowledge has been captured, the interviewer will then organize the information into a stmcture of linked modules, as discussed in the previous chapter. He or she will then print out an early draft of the procedures and ask the process and operations experts to review it. The process of reviewing drafts can be repeated until the experts are satisfied that what is written down is an expression of their intent. The writer will also collect information from other sources, such as existing procedures and engineering manuals. If the operators actually write the first draft of the procedures, it is the writer s job to organize and edit them. 

Frommelt Safety offers a complete line of standard and custom curtains, guards, enclosures and containment systems, including the SlimLine door that protects employees from entry into hazardous areas while machines are operating. Expert support helps ensure that products fit specific operations and safety requirements. Frommelt Safety, (800) 553-5560, www.frommeltsafety.com. Circle 176... 

Several detailed performance measures were collected, comprising extensive information about the various phases of the scenario corresponding to the defined HFEs. However, for the present paper, audio/video recordings coupled with simulator log data, constituted the fundamental sources for writing partial communication extracts and narratives of crew performance of the HFEs, and for allowing detailed understanding of what the crews did, when they did it, and why. Interdisciplinary teams of operational experts and human factor specialists performed all analyses these constitute the source material for the analysis presented in this paper. Quantitative and qualitative results about the crew performance of the HFEs, the drivers of performance and the observed difficulties will be reported in a Halden Work Report (HWR) and later in a NUREG report, as part of the International Empirical HRA study. 

There will always be the potential for Incomplete understanding of safety conditions or limits by the plant operating personnel. In this field it is important to have a clear route through trtiich safe operating conditions or limits are made known and ai reciated by the actual plant operators. Experts and Safe Committees are fine and... 

Another well-known technique of hazard identification is the HAZOP (HAZard and OPerability) method. With this method, hazards are identified and analyzed using sessions with operational experts. At the same time, the experts come up with potential solutions and measures to cope with the identified hazards (Kletz, 1999). The advantage of HAZOP with respect to the functional approach is that also nonfunctional hazards are identified during the brainstorm with operational experts. However, in applying HAZOP, one needs to take care that hazard analysis and solution activities do not disturb the hazard identification process, which could leave certain hazards unidentified or inappropriately solved . Leaving such latent hazards in a design typically is known to be very costly in safety critical operation. 

For each of the safety relevant scenarios identified in step 3, it is determined which of the severity categories selected in step 0 are applicable to its possible effects. Safety experts should assess which of the severities are applicable for each safety relevant scenario, by consultation of and review by operational experts. For each safety relevant scenario the effects and their severities depend on many factors, such as the conditions under which the scenario starts and evolves, the geometry of the scenario, and the possibilities of (timely) resolution of the conflict. Therefore, a range of severities may apply to a safety relevant scenario. If necessary, the structuring of the events in the safety relevant scenarios of step 3 are updated such that each applicable severity category is linked to the occurrence of specific event sequences. 

The duties of the personnel who will be performing the analytical work also deserve attention. It is recommended that the EOP analyses be defined and interpreted by operations experts who know the details of the EOP strategies and that the analytical experts provide them with support, not the... 

Has the evaluation and plan been certified by a registered engineer, own operations expert, or envirorunental assessor that it meets the criteria established by SB-14 ... 

Information Model Tlib provid i feferenoe model of the SESAR infoimalion concept iof operational experts-... 

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