Mass matrix assisted laser desorption

Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is, after electrospray ionization (ESI), the second most commonly used method for ionization of biomolecules in mass spectrometry. Samples are mixed with a UV-absorbing matrix substance and are air-dried on a metal target. Ionization and desorption of intact molecular ions are performed using a UV laser pulse. 

Spengler, B. Kirsch, D. Kaufmann, R. Metastable decay of peptides and proteins in matrix-assisted laser-desorption mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 1991, 5,198-202. 

P. Juhasz, C. E. Costello, and K. Biemann. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry with 2-(4-Hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic Acid Matrix. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 4(1993) 399-409. 

R. S. Bordoli, K. Howes, R. G. Vickers, R. H. Bateman, and D. J. Harvey. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry on a Magnetic Sector Instrument Fitted with an Array Detector. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 8(1994) 585-589. 

The first of two stays of the senior author at Iowa State University was supported by a contract between Ae United Nations Industrial Development Organization and Ae National Chemical Laboratory, administered in the United States by the Carl Duisberg Society, Inc. This work was also supported by the Engineering Research Institute of Iowa State University. The authors thank Ron Niece, Cynthia Wadsworth, Nick Strickland, and Tony Grabski of the University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center for providing confirmation of the amino acid sequence, and Brian Chait and Ron Beavis of Rockefeller University for attempting matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectroscopy on Ac enzyme. This article is N(X Communication No. 4950. 

Mock KK, Davey M, Cottrell JS (1991) The analysis of underivatised oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 177 644-651... 

R. C. Beavis, T. Chaudhary, and B. T. Chait, a-Cyano-4-hydroxycirmamic acid as a matrix for matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry, Org. Mass Spectrom, 27 (2) (1992) 156-158. 

Van Veelen, P.A., Tjaden, U.R., VanderGieef, J., Ingendoh, A.and Hillenkamp, F. (1993) Off-line coupling of capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. 647,367-374. 

Figure 4. Partial view of the matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrum of the synthetic peptide ladder from 9 to 32 residues. The formation of aspartimide (loss of water, -18u) and the piperidine adduct (+67n) are strongly observed after the synthesis of 13 residues. The weak intensity of the peak corresponding to the 14 mer is due to the low amount of 14 mer added.

Concentration detection limits in CE-MS with the ESI interface are similar to those with UV detection. Sample sensitivity can be improved by using ion-trapping or time-of-flight (TOE) mass spectrometers. MS analysis can also be performed off-line, after appropriate sample collection, using plasma desorption-mass spectrometry (PD-MS) or matrix-assisted laser desorption-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). 

Pyrolysis in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) at a lower temperature of 300° C was studied for both PES and PSF [11]. In this study, the main component for the thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation of PES was dimethyl derivative of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone. This compound was formed through selective cleavages of ether linkages maintaining intact the sulfone structures. For PSF thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation at 300° C, the main constituents were dimethyl derivative of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropylidene (bisphenol A) and also dimethyl derivative of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone. A partial decomposition of the sulfone groups in PSF during the THM reaction also was noted. The findings also were confirmed by matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometric measurements. 

Then, the thin films are characterised by matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry and scanning probe microscopic techniques. In the case of unsubstituted HBC scanning tunnelling microscopy revealed the formation of ordered nanoscale semiconducting supramolecular architectures at the surface of HOPG [39] (Figure 4.12a). The arrangement of HBC at the surface is charac-... 

Key Words Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry high-throughput... 

Wheeler, C. H., S. L. Berry, M. R. Wilkins, J. M. Corbett, K. Ou, A. A. Gooley, 1. Humphery-Smith, K. L. WUhams, and M. J. Dunn. 1996, Characterisation of proteins from two-dimensional electrophoresis gels by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry and amino acid compositional analysis. Electrophoresis 17 580-587. 

Tseng, K., Liu, J., Lebrilla, C. B., Collins, S. D. and Smith, R. L. Fabrication and design of open microchannels for capillary electrophoresis separations and matrix-assisted laser/desorption mass spectroscopy analysis. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng, 3606, 137, 1999. 

Beavis, R. C., Chaudhary, T., and Chait, B. T., a-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic Acid as Matrix for Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry, Org. Mass Spectrom., 27, 156, 1992. 

Fitzgerald, M. C., Parr, R. G., and Smith, L. M., Basic Matrices for the Matrix-Assisted Laser/Desorption Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Oligonucleotides, Anal. Chem., 65, 3204,1993. 

Spengler, B., Kirsch, D., and Kaufmann, R., Fundamental Aspects of Postsource Decay in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry. 1. Residual Gas Effects, /. Phys. Chem., 96, 9678, 1992. 

In 1981 Barber and Liu and coworkers [1,2] independently introduced the concept of employing matrix-assisted desorption/ionization where the absorption of the matrix is chosen to coincide with the wavelength of the employed laser to assist in the volatilization of materials. In 1988 Tanaka, Hillenkamp and coworkers [3,4] employed the laser as the energy source giving birth to matrix-assisted laser/ desorption mass spectroscopy (MALDI MS). 

P. Lecchi and R. M. Caprioli, Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry for peptide mapping, in W. S. Hancock, ed.. New Methods in Peptide Mapping for the Characterization of Proteins, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1996, pp. 219-240. 

W. Zhou, B. A. Merrick, M. G. Khaledi, and K. B. TomCT, Detection and sequencing of phosphopeptides affinity bound to immobilized metal ion beads by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 11, 273-282 (2000). 

D. H. Patterson, G. E. Tarr, F. E. Ragnier, and S. A. Martin, C-terminal ladder sequencing via matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry coupled with car-boxypeptidase Y time-dependent and concentration-dependent digestions. Anal. Chem. 67, 3971-3978 (1995). 

Schneider, K. and Chait, B.T. (1993) Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry of homopolymer oligodeoxynucleotides. Influence of base composition on the mass spectrometric response. Org. Mass Spectrom., 28 (11), 1353-1361. 

Shaler, T.A., Wickham, J.N., Sannes, K.A., Wu, K.J., and Becker, C.H. (1996) Effect of impurities on the matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectra of single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. Anal. Chem.,... 

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