Uquid chromatography

The separation of the polysaccharide components utilizes their different solubUities, polar groups, extents of branching, molecular weights, and molecular flexibUities and may be accompUshed batchwise or with easUy automated column techniques such as column or high performance Uquid chromatography. These procedures have been summarized in several reviews (3,141—143). 

D. Perrett ia Ref. 1, Chapt. 15, pp. 426—459 L. R. Snyder and J. J. Kirkland, Introduction to Modem Uquid Chromatography] ohxi Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1974 Kanto Branch of the Japan Society of Analytical Chemistry, eds.. High Performance Uquid Chromatography Handbook, Mam2en, Tokyo, Japan, 1985. 

Berthod, A. et al.. Separation of chiral sulfoxides by Uquid chromatography using macrocyclic glycopeptide chiral stationary phases, J. Chromatogr. A, 955,53, 2002. Armstrong, D.W., US Patent No. US 7,008,533 B2, 2006. 

Most Imporuuit Equatioiis Used for Optimlzatioii orExperimtiital Condltioiif in Uquid Chromatography... 

Figure 25-8 Baseline separation of enantiomers of the drug Ritalin by HPLC with a chiral stationary phase. One enantiomer is pharmacologically active for treating attention deficit disorder and narcolepsy. The other enantiomer has little activity but could contribute to undesired side effects. Pharmaceutical companies are moving toward providing enantiomerically pure drugs, which could be safer than mixtures of optical isomers. [From R. Bakhtiar, L Ramos, and F. L. S. Tse, "Quantification of Methylphenidate in Plasma Using Chiral Uquid-Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Application to Taxicokinetic Studies," Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 469.261.]...

Gas-Uquid chromatography has been used for the separation of methylated glycosides. ... 

The transformation of unprotected amino nitriles appears to be practicable in a straightforward manner in aqueous buffer, as far as the water solubihly of substrates is concerned. However, the whole procedure is severely hindered by insufficient reaction monitoring because of poor ultraviolet (UV) sensitivily on both thin layer chromatograpy (TLC) and reverse-phase high-performance Uquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), in particular on a screening scale, as well as a lack of a precise distinction of strongly polar reaction products such as amides and carbox-yUc acids on TLC. 

Vanerkova, D., Jandera, P, and Hrabica, J. Behaviour of sulphonated azo dyes in ionpairing reversed-phase high-performance Uquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A. 2007, 1143, 112-120. 

Colin, H. et al. The role of temperature in reversed-phase high performance Uquid chromatography using pyrocarbon-containing adsorbents. J. Chromatogr. 1978,166,41-65. 

Hernandez-Borges, J., D Orazio, G., Aturki, Z. Eanah, S. (2007). Nano-Uquid chromatography analysis of dansylated biogenic amines in wine. J. Chromatogr. A, 1147, 192-199. 

R. LoBrutto, A. Jones, Y. V. Kazakevich, and H. M. McNair, Effect of the eluent pH and acidic modifiers in high-performance Uquid chromatography retention of basic analytes, /. Chromatogr. A 913 (2001), 173-187. 

P. J. Schoenmakers, H. A. H. BiUet, and L. de. Galan, Systematic study of ternary solvent behaviour in reversed-phase Uquid chromatography, /. Chromatogr. 218 (1981), 261-284. 

H. Minakuchi, K. Nakanishi, N. Soga, N. Ishizuka, and N. Tanaka, Effect of skeleton size on the performance of octadecylsilylated continuous porous silica columns in reversed-phase Uquid chromatography,/. Chromatogr. A 762 (1997), 135-146. 

Ilchmann, A., Wienke, G., Meyer, T., GmehUng, J. (1993) Countercurrent Uquid/Uquid chromatography— A reliable method for the determination of partition coefficients. Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 65(1), 72-75. 

Minakuchi H, Nakanishi K, Soga N, Ishizuka N, and Tanaka N. Octadecylsilylated porous silica rods as separation media for reversed-phase Uquid chromatography. Anal. Chem. 1996 68 3498-3501. 

Svec F and Frechet JMJ. Continuous rods of macroporous polymer as high-performance Uquid chromatography separation media. Anal. Chem. 1992 64 820-822. 

Kijak, P.J. Leadbetter, M.G. Thomas, M.H. Thompson, E.A. Confirmation of ox3ftetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline residues in milk by particle beam Uquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry. Biol. Mass Spectrom. 

Delepine, B. Sanders, P. Determination of chloramphenicol in muscle using a particle beam interface for combining Uquid-chromatography with negative-ion chemical ionization mass-spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. 1992, 582, 113-121. 

Lewis, J.L. Macy, T.D. Garteiz, D.A. Determination of nicarbazin in chicken tissues by Uquid-chromatography and confirmation of identity by thermospray liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 1989, 72, 577-581. 

Khunachak, A. Dakunha, A.R. Stout, S.J. Liquid-chromatographic determination of moxidectin residues in cattle tissues and confirmation in cattle fat by Uquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry. J. AOAC Int. 1993, 76, 1230-1235. 

Cannavan, A. Blanchflower, W.J. Kennedy, D.G. Determination of levamisole in animal tissues using Uquid-chromatography thermospray mass-spectrometry. Analyst 1997, 120, 331-333. 

Tyczkowska, K.L. Voyksner, R.D. Aronson, A.L. Development of an anal)4ical method for cephapirin and its metabolite in bovine milk and serum by Uquid-chromatography with UV-Vis detection and confirmation by thermospray mass-spectrometry. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 1991, 14, 51-60. 

Straub, R.F. Voyksner, R.D. Determination of penicilUn-G, ampicillin, amoxicilUn, cloxaciUin and cephapirin by high-performance Uquid-chromatography electrospray mass-spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. 1993, 647, 167-181. 

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